Quarter 2

Module 3
Crop
Production
 Procedures for Land
Preparation, Seeding, Planting
of Horticultural Crop
Presented by Miyu Yaginuma and Jezza Marcellana

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5 Steps in Land
Preparation
A short but thorough discussion; a summary
Soil preparation is an extremely important
step for gardening. If you want the best
quality of crops being produced, knowing
the basics and procedures of Land
Preparation will help you prepare soil like
a professional gardener.

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Table of Contents

✗ Best place for growing your crops

✗ The ideal pH level
✗ How fertilizers benefit and bring soils to their
maximum results
✗ The importance of soil structure, soil composition,
and soil amendment

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 ✗ Picking a suitable place of planting
your crops will benefit its growth.
Remembering these points will help
you take care of crops properly.

STEP 1: Choosing the best garden location

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Choosing a sunny spot
✗ Crops should obtain ✗ Greenhouses have the
sunlight for at least capability to get and
6 hours prevent shades as per
requirement. If you can
purchase a greenhouse
then it's best for
gardening.

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Picking up a good drainage site

✗ Pick an area or a ✗ Waterlogging causes

patch of soil where crops to drown from
water can drain and the lack of oxygen
not accumulate to in the roots.
avoid waterlogging.

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Avoid root systems

✗ Grow your crops 10-20 feet away from a tree to

avoid bigger roots entangling to other roots of
your crops and disrupting their root system.

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 ✗ After choosing an appropriate place
for gardening, testing the soil is a very
important step. By testing you can find
out the pH of the soil, amount of
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

STEP 2: Test for soil preparation

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How to test the soil?
✗ First option, ✗ Second option,
You can use a soil test You can contact the
kit for testing the soil. Local Cooperative
extension service office
of your country.

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Appropriate pH for the soil
✗ The pH affects the ✗ Depending on the
availability of crop, the pH differs
minerals and as well, but the pH
nutrients level of the soils
should be around
6.0 - 7.5.

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How to adjust the pH of the soil?

✗ If your soil pH is ✗ If your soil pH is low

high then add peat, then add lime or
sulfur or different wood ash to
organic compounds INCREASE the pH
such as compost or levels.
manure to LESSEN
the pH levels.

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 ✗ When you buy a chemical/ synthetic
package of fertilizer, then you can see three
values parted with dashes like N-P-K.
Each number specifies the net percentage
weight of these nutrients in the package.

STEP 3: Addition of N-P-K fertilizers during soil preparation

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Importance of Nitrogen (N)
✗ It promotes stem ✗ If you want to add
growth and some nitrogen to
strengthens the leaf. your crop naturally,
then add aged
manure and apply
alfalfa meal or
seaweed.

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Importance of Phosphorus (P)
✗ It is needed for root ✗ Rock phosphate and
development and bone meal are rich
plant growth. sources of phosphorus.

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Importance of Potassium (K)

✗ It helps on root ✗ To increase the

development and potassium in the soil,
resists diseases and add greensand,
stress for the crops. It gypsum, and wood
also enhances the ashes.
flavor and textures of
the fruit.

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 ✗ Having too much water can be a cause of fungal
infections and resulting in root rot. On the other
hand, if there is a deficiency of water, then it can be
a cause of malnourishment and resulting in
dehydrated plants. There are three types of soil so
different crops have different types of soil
requirements

STEP 4: Select and prepare soil structure for gardening

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Clay soil

✗ Prepare soil by adding well-rotted compost, peat

moss, and add coarse sand to add texture to the
soil.

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Sandy soil

✗ Add peat moss, human and aged manure, some

extra nitrogen alongside sawdust. Add heavy clay
soil for the improvement of garden soil.

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Common soil amendments
✗ Compost
It lowers the pH of the soil
and increases the nutrients
✗ Lime
It increases the soil's pH,
making the soil less acidic
and more alkaline.
✗ Manure
A good conditioner and
adds nutrients into the soil,
and also known as poop.
✗ Bark
You can improve soil
structure.

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 ✗ We've already learned the importance of pH
for the growth of any crop, on how to
maintain the ideal pH level for the healthiest
crop by adding the fair quantity of lime and
sulfur if necessary.

STEP 5: Adjusting the soil Composition

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Addition of organic material to prepare soil

✗ The ratio for the ✗ Organic materials

garden soil should contain shredded
be 1:1, half soil and brown and green
half organic leaves, vegetables,
material. fruits scrap, and
horse manure.

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Mix organic material and soil with a shovel

✗ With mixing you can turn the soil again and again
with a stiller or shovel; you can also add water
slightly to help it mix well.

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Flatten the surface and make rows

✗ Flatten your garden ✗ Plant the crops apart

soil and keep your according to their
soil loose. requirements in
different rows.

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2
Extra Information
Other important things!!!
Soil preparation and management
Good drainage is especially important for early vegetables because
wet soil delays the development of crop.

Air is essential to the growth of crop plants and to certain beneficial

soil organisms making nutrients available to the plants.

Plowing is also an important thing that farmers should take note of;
destroys weeds and insects; and improves soil texture and aeration.

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Soil preparation and management
Involves the application of available knowledge of crop production,
soil conservation, and economics.

Control of soil erosion, maintenance of soil organic matter, the

adoption of crop rotation, and clean culture are considered
important soil-management practices.

Soil erosion, caused by water and wind; the topsoil is usually the
richest in fertility and organic matter, and terracing is one of the
solutions to soil erosion.
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Soil preparation and management
Legumes, those plants such as peas and beans having fruits and
seeds formed in pods, and non-legumes are effective soil-improving
crops.

Crop rotation is also an important factor in soil management. It is

growing a different crop on a given land area every
growing/planting cycle and season to keep the farm plots healthy for
the next crops to be planted.

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Propagation
The formation and development of new individuals in the
establishment of new plantings.

There are two types:

Sexual Propagation - the reproduction of plants by seeds.

Asexual Propagation - involves taking a part of one parent plant and

causing it to regenerate itself into a new plant.

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Planting
Most vegetable crops are planted in the field where they are to grow
to maturity.

Important factors include the depth of planting, the rate of planting,

and the spacing both between rows and between plants within a row.

The quantity of seeds planted, or rate of planting, is mainly

determined by the characteristics of the vegetable plant.

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Planting
Seed size and plant-growth pattern of a vegetable are major factors
that govern the number of plants raised in a given area.

The seeds may be planted at a rate three to six times that commonly
used for a direct-seeded field. The young plants are removed for use
as transplants when they reach the desired size and age,
approximately 40 to 60 days after seeding.

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Thank
You!
Presentation by:
✗ Miyu Yaginuma
✗ Jezza Marcellana

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