RBM1528 Human

Physiology 2

Week 1
Session 1
Overview of the unit housekeeping
& attendance
10 min
Meet the Staff:
• Unit Convener
• Maja Husaric
• Maja.Husaric@vu.edu.au

• Please refer all special

consideration, absences and other
requests to Maja

• Your educator is in FPA : Kathleen

Mikkelsen
Meet the Staff:
• Laboratory Demonstrators
• Kathleen.Mikkelsen@vu.edu.au;
• Matthew.OConnor@vu.edu.au
• Jai.Keighery@vu.edu.au;
• Cara.Brown@vu.edu.au;
• Mamatha.PhilipGabriel@vu.edu.au;
• Amanda.Habib@vu.edu.au
 Learning activities
Checklist!
introduce activities, keeps record
Pre-class activities
• introduce key foundation knowledge
• You must attempt and PASS (50%)quiz to open
workshop
In-class activities
• collaborative work- group projects, create and share
• Interactive modules
• Kahoot
• Carmen Sandiego corner (Why do I care: clinical
scenarios & Case studies)
Post-class activities
• Consolidation of knowledge- MCQ practice test
• Worksheet
 Assessments:
• 3 (three) MCQ tests- 10% each = total 30%
• Test 1: (10%) - MCQ – PC Lab - week 2
• Test 2: (10%) - MCQ – PC Lab - week 3
• Test 3: (10%) - MCQ – PC Lab - week 4

• 2 (two) Laboratory reports = total 25% (12.5 %each)

• Lab 2 -CV system– due 6pm Sunday Week 2
• Lab 4– Respiratory system – due 6pm Sunday Week 3

• 3 (three) worksheets related online tests total 30% “

• week1/week2 and week3 3 The Guided Inquiry Workbook Questions”
10%each

• 5 In class lab quizzes 3 % each (Total 15%)

Lab reports: must do!
• Attend lab 3 and 4- you must have your own data
• Word count:
• 750 words +/- 75 words
• Excludes titles and references
• Continuation of the report over 825 words will not
be read!
• Referencing: (peer reviewed articles, Textbooks)
• minimum 2 peer reviewed relevant journal articles
• Must have in text reference
• APA7 style
Unit Resources:

Textbook:
Sherwood, L. (2015), Human Physiology:
From cells to systems, 9th ed. Boston, MA:
Cengage Learning

Required resources:
• Anatomy TV access online
Session 1
• Blood
• Functions of blood
• Blood plasma
• Formed elements ( erythrocytes,
leukocytes)
• Activity
• ABO and Rh blood groups &
transfusion reactions
• Haemostasis.
• Activity
• Kahoot
Learning Objectives
The Components of Blood

1. Describe the composition and physical characteristics

of whole blood.
2. List functions of blood.
3. Discuss the composition and functions of plasma.
4. Describe the structure, function, and production of
erythrocytes.
5. Describe the chemical composition of haemoglobin.
6. List the classes, structural characteristics, and
functions of leukocytes..
7. Describe the ABO and Rh blood groups. Explain the
antigen/antibody basis of transfusion reaction.
8. Describe the process of haemostasis

Image Source: http://health-and-medicine.wikia.com/wiki/File:Formed_elements_of_the_blood.svg

Physiology: (What and How)
• Defines WHAT is the function
• e.g. the function of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen in blood
• Explains the purpose, WHY we need this function?
• e.g. oxygen is poorly dissolved in water and needs specific carrier to reach
cells around body
• Identifies structure that performs specific function : Who (which structure) does
this function?
• e.g. haemoglobin is the structure within red blood cell that is capable of
transporting oxygen
• Where this process takes place?
• E.g .haemoglobin is part of red blood cells that circulate in blood in blood
• Explains How this function is performed
• e.g. Describes mechanism of action-Oxygen is carried on the Fe ion that is
part of heme pigment
• WHEN this function occurs?
• e.g. when this function will occur and when it will stop? If we do nt have
enugh oxygen in tissues, homeostatic feedback loop will increase number
of red blood cells and haemoglobin
 Key Concepts:
Components of the blood (15 min)

1. Blood:
a. Plasma
b. Formed elements
I. Erythrocytes
II. Leukocytes
III.Platelets

POP UP Question!
What is Blood?
 The Components of Blood : Plasma

1. Water
2. Proteins:
I. Albumins
II. Globulins
III. Coagulation ( clotting)
factors fibrinogen
3. Minerals:
I. Ions
4. Gases
5. Nitrogenous waste
I. Urea

Image Source: http://health-and-medicine.wikia.com/wiki/File:Formed_elements_of_the_blood.svgWater

ACTIVITY: Erythrocytes:
Using table on the next slide try to answer
the following questions
 What is the erythrocyte?
 What it does?
 How it does it?
 Where it does it?
 When it does it?
 Why it does it?

Image Source: https://slideplayer.co/slide/4463093/14/images/6/Hemoglobin+Molecular+structure.jpg

WHAT IS Erythrocyte and what it does: is a Cell…..
Structure Biconcave shape
Do not contain organelles (including nucleus)
Contain only hemoglobin

Function Gas exchange and transport between lungs, blood and tissues
(oxygen and carbon dioxide)
How it does Determining blood type
it?

Origin Red bone marrow (flat bones)

Stages of Colony Forming Unit -, proerythroblast, erythroblast,

erythropoiesis reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Clearance sites Mainly in the spleen by uptake of fragile cells and recycling of
the Fe, amino acids and removing bilirubin

Normal count men – 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microlitre (cells/mcL)
women – 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL.

Disorders of Anaemia- to little

erythrocytes Polycythaemia- to much
Erythrocytes: Describe the chemical composition of haemoglobin.

Focus Questions: Use examples to answer

schematically.

1. Describe the chemical composition of

haemoglobin.( What is Haemoglobin)

2. Explain how haemoglobin structure

relates to function.

Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxElVpgNUF0

Image Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4463093/14/images/6/Hemoglobin+Molecular+structure.jpg
 The structure, function, and production of erythrocytes.

Focus Questions: Use examples to answer schematically.

1. Explain how structure relates to function in erythrocytes?
Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aE4d7JS-TTQ
2. Explain the erythropoietin mechanism.
Image Source: http://slideplayer.com/slide/6953678/24/images/26/Erythropoietin%20Mechanism.jpg and https://www.slideshare.net/ananthatiger/blood1
Erythrocytes- blood analysis
Blood Haemoglobin level
grams per deciliter (g/dl). males is 14 to 18 g/dl; females is 12
to 16 g/dl.
Haematocrit or PVC ( packed cell volume) the percentage of
red cells in blood. Men 41% to 50%. Women is 36% to 48%.
RBC- red blood cell count:
men – 4.0 to 5.9 x 10*12/L. women – 3.8 to 5.2 x 10*12/L.
Red cell indices, present content of individual cells
can be calculated if the values of hemoglobin, hematocrit
(packed cell volume), and red blood cell count are known Blood film
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), defines the size of the red
blood cells and is expressed as femtoliters (10−15; fl) or as cubic
microns (μm3). The normal values for MCV are 87 ± 7 fl.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH),
quantifies the amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell. The
normal values for MCH are 29 ± 2 picograms (pg) per cell.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
indicates the amount of hemoglobin per unit volume. g/dl of
red blood cells or as a percentage value. The normal values for
MCHC are 34 ± 2 g/dl.
 The Components of Blood Formed elements

Image Source: https://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Picture1.jpg

 The Components of Blood: Questions
Focus Questions: Use examples to answer
schematically.

1. What are the functions of the main formed elements

of blood?

2. How is plasma different from serum?

3. How are red blood cells different from white blood

cells?

4. Explain the function of different types of White Blood

Cells – Monocytes, Lymphocytes (T and B Cells),
Eosinophils, Basophils and Neutrophils.

5. How are Leucocytes different from Phagocytes?

Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MOn8X-tyFw
6. How are Leucocytes different from Lymphocytes?
Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tdx-U8S6ZMk 7. Explain the significance of haematocrit.
Image Source: http://health-and-medicine.wikia.com/wiki/File:Formed_elements_of_the_blood.svg
Task: 20min
• Students work in small groups
• Use the following resources
• H5P interactive video “Blood (H5P)
to complete questions from H5P
interactive “Blood module 1 & 2”
 Task: 20min
Students work in small
groups, try to solve
clinical case.

Access clinical case o VU

collaborate titled:
“Carmen Sandiego 1”

Corner
Blood Typing: ABO and Rh system
ABO Blood Group System
Agglutinogens: an antigen (protein) on the
membrane of an erythrocyte that stimulates
production of specific agglutinin.

Agglutinins-an antibody (immunoglobulin) that

is capable of causing agglutination of red blood
cells.

Agglutinins can be IgA immunoglobulin (A & B)

or IgG (Rh)

Agglutination:
A process where agglutinins cause
red blood cells to clump together.

Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L06TJTMVkBo

Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type
Blood Typing: ABO and Rh system

1. Describe how blood is grouped according to ABO system.

2. What is agglutination?

3. Explain the laboratory process for typing blood.

4. A person of which blood group can serve as a universal

donor? Explain your answer.

5. A person of which blood group can serve as a universal

recipient? Explain your answer.

Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L06TJTMVkBo

Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type
Haemostasis -The process of blood clotting.

 What is haemostasis?
 Where haemostasis
happens?
 How haemostasis is
initiated?
 What are the sequences of
homeostasis?
 How haemostasis will stop?
 Why haemostasis happens?

Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFNWGCx_Eu4

Image Source: http://biogeonerd.blogspot.com/2014/04/blood-clotting.html
 Task: 20min
Students work in small
groups, try to solve
clinical case.

Access clinical case o VU

collaborate titled:
“Carmen Sandiego 2”

Corner
https://kahoot.it/ 20 min
Class summary: 5 min

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSyldEm26Lo