Safety and Prevention of Accidents

Part 2
By, Ms.Tejashri Kosbe
Lecturer, Pravin Patil Polytechnic, Bhayander

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Learning Outcomes
Indian Electricity Act

Electric shock

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Indian Electricity Act
● Rules listed in Indian Electricity act should be strictly followed by each and every
person working on electrical installation for his own safety, safety of others working
with him and also for the safety of the equipment on which a person is working.
● Many times the work is assigned and to be carried out in a systematic manner as per
the detailed instructions. A person who disregards these instructions or behaving
using his own ideas as discussion is likely to cause danger to himself, others and
equipment may also be damaged.
● For major works of repairs, shut-down maintenance is carried. Follow the proper
procedure of permits in the prescribed formats.

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I.E.Acts and rules
1. Regarding permit to work:
➢ Nobody shall start working on electrical installation/live mains unless he is
authorized to work with a permit issued by a competent authority.
➢ Nature of repair work and time span required for this work shall be explained by him
to the permit issuing authority.
➢ The authority confirms the work and issues the written permission “ permit to work”.
➢ If the lines is to be shut down for the work then in this regards the necessary notice is
to be published in the newspapers for awareness to the public.

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2. Power of higher authority for issuing “ Permit to work”:

He shall not issue the permit if the situation is as follows.

i) Unless the switches, isolators have been withdrawn and completely isolated from both
sides of the section to be repaired.

ii) Earth rod used to discharge the "shut off line".

iii) Related live parts adequately protected

iv) If facility of locking is available then lock properly and handover the keys to the
person incharge who will keep them safe till the work is over.

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v)Fuse units/switch units of control panel shall also to be made unoperative properly.

vi) At the adequate place, the danger plates shall be displaced to make aware not to interfere
or touch any section under processes of repairs /maintenance.

(vii)Logbook entry shall be made in time properly to the effect that the mains and apparatus
under permit have been made inoperative (Dead). On no account shall these be made
operative (ON) until the permitted persons return the keys.

3. The authorized person who has undertaken the work after getting "permit to work before
allowing the technicians/workers to commence the work shall take the precautions listed
below.

i) Explain the nature of work, sequence of work, precautions to be taken for the safety of
themselves and apparatus under repairs/maintenance.
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ii) Satisfy himself for making inoperative the respective switches, control panel from the
line. Discharge the line apparatus using earth rods.

iii)Work-persons appointed, and the public in the converge area of the work shall be warned
about the danger to enter in that area.

4.Work on live low and medium voltage lines

To follow the listed instructions:

(i)The authorized incharge person shall ascertain the safety equipment before use by the
workers. See that it is in sound condition and to be used property.

(ii) Allot the work to two persons instead of a single person for facilitating the work on live
lines. This is for the help and safe working and emergency assistance if required. Like first-
aid, artificial respirations, move to hospital etc.
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iii) To work on a live pole the person shall use safety belt, rubber highly insulated gloves.
Other group of persons shall stand on the ground provide any help to him, to instruct him
and supervise the work.

5 After completion of work

i) Remove earthing devices.

ii) Keep all apparatus in tool box or keep for carrying away.

iii) Call off all the workers and take their attendance so that no person is left in that area.

iv) To return the keys.

v) To prepare duty discharged permit to be handed over to the permit issuing authority.
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vi) Entry the work completed into the work book.

6. Accidents

All the accidents shall be at once attended to and to be reported to the higher authorities to
take immediate action to sent the person for first-aid, doctor, hospital for treatment. Call
the doctor on site if required. Police authorities shall also be intimated for the seviour case
and death of a person if any. Don't remove the body without the permission of police.

7. Relevant notices in the languages (English/Hindi/ Local) shall be displaced. If workers

are illiterate then prior to stat work, the necessary instructions shall be given to them
orally in their languages.

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Electric Shock
Reasons for Getting Electric Shocks

The human failure in handling the electrical components or repairing the distribution
system without switching off the supply, the ultimate effect of electric shock on human
body may be death.

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 Current (mA) Shock Effect

1 mA Perceptible, No-pains.

1-4 mA Tolerable, Not painful, Can be sensed.

4-15 mA Medium but painful, but no-loss on muscular control.

15-20 mA Painful, muscular control of adjacent muscles lost.

20-50 mA Severe muscular contraction, breathing becomes difficult.

50 mA-100 mA May result in ventricular fibrillation.May result in death.

100 to 200 mA Heart stops, instant death.

Above 200 mA Severe burns, Severe chest muscles clamp-down, Heart stops, Sudden death.

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 Factors Affecting the Severity of shock
Severity of shock depends on following factors such as,

(i)Supply system whether D.C. or A.C. D.C. shock is more serious.

ii) Which part of the body touched to linked machine.

iii) Voltage and current strength of the system.

iv) Area of contact of the body to the faulty machine.

v) Period of contact of the body part to the faulty system.

vi) Resistance of the body.

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Condition Electric
of Body resistance
of body 100 V 500V 10000V
ohms

Current A Effect Current A Effect Current A Effect

Totally 1000 0.1 Certain 0.5 A Burns, 10 Severe

Wet Death and probable burns,
slight burns death Death

Neither 5000 0.02 No burns or 0.1 Certain 0.2 Severe

wet nor injury,painf death,sligh burns, may
dry ul shock t burns survive

Dry 100000 0.001 Very light 0.005 Light 0.1 Sure

shock no shock no death,slight13
burns burns burns
Action to be taken when a person gets an electric
shock
1.Switching OFF the supply: when a person comes in contact with live conductor,

switch off the main supply immediately if it is nearby or cut the wires with insulated pliers
from the wiring circuit.

2. Removing the person from the contact of current:- Push a person with a dry sticks of
wood or pull him by using hands wear by insulated hand gloves, or use cotton thick cloths
or use dry newspaper folded of sufficient thickness.

3.Removing the person from fire: If a person’s cloth catches fire, then wrap him in the

blanket or coat & roll him on the ground to extinguish.

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4. Keep the patient warm and comfortable, but not hot. In many cases, the only first aid
measure necessary and possible is to wrap the patient underneath as well as on top to
prevent loss of body heat.

5. Keep the patient’s body horizontal or, if possible, position him or her so that the feet are
12–18 in. higher than the head. In any case, always keep the patient’s head low. This
patient should be kept horizontal with head slightly raised to make breathing easier.

6. Call to doctor immediately.

7. Before coming doctor, if any burns or wound occurs on the body of the person use

proper oil/ medicine (first aid)

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8. If the person is not breathing, immediately start artificial respiration until the medical aid
arrives.

9. Do not touch the person with bare hands.

10. Do not give liquid unit the patient is conscious.

11. Give artificial respiration to the person who received electrical shocks by any one
method.

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