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Introduction

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 Major disciplines of Civil Engineering

Structural Engineering

Geotechnical Engineering

Water Resources Engineering

Environmental Engineering

Transportation Engineering
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Structural Engineering

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 Geotechnical Engineering

Landfills

Foundations
Water Resources Engineering
Environmental Engineering

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Transportation Engineering

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 Civil Engineering

Structural Engineering Environmental Engineering

Water resources Engineering Geotechnical Engineering

Transportation Engineering
 Introduction o Transportation Engineering
• Transportation:
Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another.

• Transportation Engineering:
To develop the facility for transportation is Transportation Engineering.

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 Developing Facilities
• The process of developing facilities include the following
aspects:
1. Planning
2. Design
3. Construction
4. Operation and management

• After some time, demand may be increased, facility may

get congested and again we go for planning to add
capacity. This developing facility is a cyclic process

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 Transportation Engineering
• Transportation Engineering can also be defined as:
“Transportation engineering is a branch
of engineering dealing with planning, designing,
estimation, construction, operation,
maintenance, rehabilitation and management of
transportation infrastructure for movement of people
and goods from one place to the other safely, timely,
conveniently, comfortably and economically by using
various modes like highways, railways, air ways, water
ways and pipe ways also.”

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 Early Modes of Transportation
1. Human powered transport: Transport of people and/or
goods using human muscle-power.

2. Animal Powered Transport: Transport using working

animals (also known as “beasts of burden”)

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 Modern Modes of Transportation
• Transportation is performed by various modes such as;

• Roads (Vehicles)

• Railways (Trains)

• Airways (Aircrafts)

• Waterways (Ships)

• Pipe lines(Gas, Oil, Water)

• Cable transport (Chairlift)

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Major disciplines of Transportation Engineering

1- Transportation Planning

2-Geometric Design

3- Pavement Design

4- Traffic Engineering

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 1- Transportation planning
• Transportation planning assess and address the future needs to move
people and goods to destinations.

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 2- Geometric design
• Geometric design deals with physical proportioning of
transportation facilities, in contrast with the structural design
of the facilities.
• The topics include:
 Cross-sectional features
 Sight distance
 Horizontal alignment
 Vertical alignment
 Intersections.

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 Cross-Section of Road

Horizontal Alignment Vertical Alignment Intersection

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 3- Pavement Design
• Pavement Design is the determination of required thickness of
various pavement layers to protect a given soil condition for a given
wheel load.
Given Wheel Load

150 Psi
Asphalt Concrete Thickness?
Base Course Thickness?
Subbase Course Thickness? 3 Psi

Given In Situ Soil Conditions

 Truck

Asphalt Concrete
Thickness ?
Base Course
? Thickness ?
Sub-base Course Thickness ?

• Pavement Design Life = Selected

• Structural/Functional Performance = Desired
• Design Traffic = Predicted
 4- Traffic Engineering
Traffic engineering covers a broad range of engineering applications
with a focus on the safety of the public, the efficient use of
transportation resources, and the mobility of people and goods.

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• Traffic engineering involves a variety of engineering and management
skills, including design, operation, and system optimization.
• In order to address the above requirement, the traffic engineer must first
understand the traffic flow behavior and characteristics by extensive
collection of traffic flow data and analysis.
• Based on this analysis, traffic flow is controlled so that the transport
infrastructure is used optimally as well as with good service quality.
• In short, the role of traffic engineer is to protect the environment while
providing mobility, to preserve scarce resources while assuring economic
activity, and to assure safety and security to people and vehicles.

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 Civil Engineering

Structural Engineering Environmental Engineering

Water resources Engineering Geotechnical Engineering
Transportation Engineering

Transportation Planning Traffic Engineering

Geometric Design Pavement Design
 Transportation System
“It is an optimum combination of fixed facilities, the flow entities
and the control system that permit people and goods to overcome
the friction offered by geographical spaces efficiently, safely and
conveniently in order to participate in a timely manner in some
desired activity.”

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 Types of Transportation systems

1. Public or Mass Transport System (Buses, Trains)

2. Private Transport System (Private Cars,
Bicycles)
3. Intermediate Transport System (Taxi, Rickshaw)
4. Combination of these three Systems: Generally public
transport is not available to us at our door step. So to get
that facility, we have to go to the bus stop or railway
station etc. For this purpose, we have to use our private
transport (private car) or intermediate transport
(Taxi/rickshaw).

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 Role of Transportation

• Transportation contributes to the economic and cultural

development of a country.
• It is comparable to the veins of the human body.

• Veins maintain health by circulation of blood to different

parts of human body
• Transportation keeps the nation in good condition by
moving people and goods.

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 Role of Transportation
• Transportation is vital for the all-round development of a
nation because every commodity needs transport facility
both at the production stage as well as distribution stage.
 Production stage  To carry raw materials to the factories

 Distribution stage  To carry finished products from form

and factories to the distribution centers
• Thus for economic, social and cultural development of a
country, an effective and adequate system of
transportation is essential.

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 (A) Economic Development and Transport

• Every product is utilized to satisfy human needs and the

products are not entirely consumed locally. Thus they need to be
transported to the area of their demand.
• If an adequate system of transportation connects the nearby
villages to a big city, the products of villages may be brought to
the city to fulfill the need of the city.
• In return, the villagers may get a remunerative price for their
products.
Thus for economic development of a country/region, effective
and adequate system of transportation is essential .

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 (B) Social Effects of Transportation
1- Increase in Mutual Understanding:
•Improved system of transportation enhances tourism.
•People of various regions meet and understand each other.
•Feeling of unity and mutual understanding is enhanced.
2- General well being of the Community:
•The rapid and efficient transport system is essential for sub-urban and
intercity long distances for business needs, social visits and tourist
activities.
•This also encourages the people to live away from their place of work
and thus helps in reducing the population density of the city.
3- Aspect of Safety, Law and Order:
•In case of external aggression, to defend the territory of the country and
to guard the borders with foreign countries, transport facilities are
essential to reach the farthest distances from headquarters to rush
medicines, arms and ammunitions etc. at the place of need.
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