PARAPHILIC AND

GENDER DYSPHORIA

SUBMITTED BY: MARY HANNA VERON A. CABISUELAS

TO: PROF. MELODY
PARAPHILIC DISORDER

 PARAPHILIC DISORDER- are recurrent, intense, sexual

arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors that are distressing or
disabling and that involve inanimate objects, children or
nonconsenting adults, or suffering or humiliation of oneself or
the partner with the potential to harm.
Paraphilic disorder are paraphilias that cause distress or
problems functioning in a person with the paraphilia or that
harm or may harm another person.
PARAPHILIA

Paraphilias involve sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, and/ or targets (eg,
Children, corpses, animals). However, some sexual activities that seem unusual to
another person or a health care practitioner do not constitute paraphilic disorder simply
because they are unusual. People may have paraphilic interests but not meet the criteria
for a paraphilic disorder.
The unconventional sexual arousal patterns in paraphilias are considered are pathologic
disorders only when both of the following apply:
• They are intense and persistent.
• they cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important
areas of functioning, or they harm or have the potential to harm others (eg, children,
nonconsenting adults.)
PARAPHILIA

Paraphilias involve sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, and/ or targets (eg,
Children, corpses, animals). However, some sexual activities that seem unusual to
another person or a health care practitioner do not constitute paraphilic disorder simply
because they are unusual. People may have paraphilic interests but not meet the criteria
for a paraphilic disorder.
The unconventional sexual arousal patterns in paraphilias are considered are pathologic
disorders only when both of the following apply:
• They are intense and persistent.
• they cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important
areas of functioning, or they harm or have the potential to harm others (eg, children,
nonconsenting adults.)
 People with a paraphilic disorder may have an impaired or a nonexistent
capacity for affectionate, reciprocal emotional and sexual intimacy with a
consenting partner. Other aspects of personal and emotional adjustment
may be impaired as well.

 The pattern of disturbed erotic arousal is usually fairly well developed

before puberty.
3 PROCESSES ARE INVOLVED:

• Anxiety or early emotional trauma interferes with normal psychosexual

development.
• The standard pattern of arousal is replaced by another pattern, sometimes through
early exposure to highly charged sexual experiences that reinforce the person’s
experience of sexual pleasure.
• The pattern of sexual arousal often acquires symbolic and conditioning elements
(eg, a fetish symbolizes the object of arousal but may have been chosen because the
fetish was accidentally associated with sexual curiosity, desire, and excitement).
 Whether all paraphilic development results from these psychodynamic
processes is controversial, and some evidence of altered brain functioning
and functional anatomy is present in some paraphilias (eg, pedophilia).

 In most cultures, paraphilias are far more common among males. Biologic
reasons for the unequal distribution may exist but are poorly defined.

 Dozens of paraphilias have been described, but most are uncommon

or rare.
THE MOST COMMON OF PARAPHILIA ARE:

Pedophilia
Voyeurism
 Transvestic Disorder
 Exhibitionism
• Others include sexual masochism disorder and sexual sadism disorder.
 Some paraphilias (such as pedophilia) are illegal and may result in
imprisonment and lifetime registration as a sex offender. Some of
these offenders also have significant personality disorders (eg,
antisocial, narcissistic), which make treatment difficult.
 Often, more than one paraphilic disorder is present.
GENDER DYSPHORIA

Gender dysphoria refers to feelings of distress and discomfort that a person experiences when
their assigned gender does not match their gender identity.
People who experience gender dysphoria may feel uncomfortable with and distressed over the
conflict between the sexual characteristics of their physical body and how they feel and think
about themselves.
They may also experience feelings of distress or discomfort over the traditional gender roles
that are expected of their assigned gender. The effects of gender dysphoria can differ from one
person to the next.
.
  Not everyone who has gender dysphoria identifies as transgender, but many people diagnosed with
gender dysphoria do identify as transgender, gender fluid, or gender non-conforming.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gender dysphoria can include feeling a strong sense of distress or discomfort with one's
assigned gender. Some signs that someone is experiencing gender dysphoria include:

 A desire to no longer have the primary sex characteristics of their birth-assigned gender.

 A desire to be treated as the opposite gender.

 A desire to have the primary and secondary sex characteristics of their preferred gender identity.
 The insistence that they are a gender different from their birth-assigned sex.
 Preferences for cross-sex roles.
  Strong rejection of toys, games, and other things that are typically associated with their birth-
assigned gender.
 Wearing clothing typically associated with the opposite gender.

 Gender dysphoria is not related to a person's sexual orientation. People who

experience gender dysphoria may be straight, gay, lesbian, or bisexual. They often
feel uncomfortable with the gender roles and gender expressions of their birth-
assigned sex. Gender dysphoria can manifest as dressing as their preferred gender or
rejecting gender-stereotypical behaviors.

Gender Identity vs. Sexual Orientation

 It is also important to recognize the distinction between gender identity and sexual identity.
 Gender identity refers to a person's internal sense of gender, whether that is male, female, or outside
of the gender binary. Sexual orientation refers to a person's physical, emotional, or romantic
attraction to other people. Where gender involves who you are, sexuality is about who you are
attracted to. Some people with gender dysphoria are part of the LGBTQ+ community, but
experiencing gender dysphoria does not mean that a person is gay, lesbian, or bisexual.
Diagnosis
 Gender dysphoria is a diagnosis listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5). It was previously known as gender identity disorder. The DSM-5 takes a more
descriptive approach that is focused on discomfort and distress that dysphoria causes.

In Adolescents and Adults

• In order to be diagnosed with gender dysphoria as an adolescent or adult, an individual must
experience clinically significant distress or impairments in social, work, and other important life
areas. These feelings must last for at least six months and be accompanied by at least two of the
following:
 A significant incongruence between primary and secondary sex characteristics and the
individual's experienced gender.
 A marked desire to be rid of primary or secondary sex characteristics.
 A desire to have the primary or secondary sex characteristics of their experienced gender.
 A desire to be their experienced gender.
  A wish to be treated as their experienced gender.
 A belief that they have the behaviors, feelings, and reactions that are characteristics of
their experienced gender
In Children

 Children can also experience gender dysphoria. Similar to that of adults, children must experience
impairments in functioning or significant distress lasting a minimum of six months.

 They must also experience at least six of the following symptoms: :

 The insistence that they are the opposite gender or a desire to be the opposite gender.
 A preference for engaging in fantasy play or make-believe as the opposite gender role.
 A preference for clothing typically associated with the opposite gender.
 A preference for toys that are stereotypically preferred by the opposite gender.
 Rejecting toys or activities that are typically associated with their assigned gender.
 Expressing dislike for their physical sex characteristics.
 A desire to have the sex characteristics that match their gender identity Preferring to play with
other children of the opposite gender.
  Signs of gender dysphoria in children can be present as early as age 4. These symptoms often grow more
severe as children get older, particularly once they begin to experience the physical changes associated with
puberty.

Gender Dysphoria vs. Gender Nonconformity

 Gender Dysphoria and Gender Nonconformity are not the same. Gender
nonconformity involves behaviors and gender expressions that do not correspond to
the stereotypical norms associated with a person's birth-assigned gender. Gender
nonconformity is not considered a mental disorder.
Causes
 Gender dysphoria is the feeling that there is a mismatch between your assigned sex and who you
really are. The exact causes of gender dysphoria are not completely understood, but several
different factors may play a role. Genetics, hormonal influences during prenatal development, and
environmental factors may be involved. There is a higher shared prevalence between identical twins
than fraternal twins.
Treatment

 Treatment for gender dysphoria is highly individual and based on each person's
unique needs. It usually focuses on helping the individual explore their gender
identity, often by allowing them to express their gender in a way that
corresponds to their internal sense of gender. In addition to counseling,
treatment may involve hormones and gender reassignment surgery.
THAT’S ALL!