ACADEMIC READING

AND WRITING

RUZEN S. MAGTAGÑOB-OLIVEROS
SHS TEACHER-ACADEMIC
Language Use
-is one of the clearest indicators of a well-written
text. It enables writers to effectively
communicate ideas without confusing the
reader. It allows the writer to express the
message that they want to convey to the
readers.
What are the Levels of
Language Use?
 1. Informal/Personal
Informal/Personal - slang, local expressions, text messaging. It is
usually used in writing for family, friends, and colleagues.

Examples are:
a. Hey
b. Sup
c. OTW
d. BRB
e. Bes
f. Pet (friend)
 2. Standard/Academic

- widely accepted words and phrases found in books, magazines, and

newspapers.

Examples:
Note to a professor:
I missed the class last night. May I e-mail my paper later?
 3. Business/Technical
scientific terms, jargons, and special expressions.

Education:

“This School Year, the Department of Education focused only

on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC).
What are the Principles
of Language Use?
1. Use clear and concise sentences, usually
about 18 words long.

Bullying is something that Bullying can be

can be prevented by the prevented by the
students and this has to be students. This should be
handled by parents and handled by parents and
school staff. school staff.
2. Avoid redundancies, clichés, wordiness,
and highfalutin.
a. Example of Redundancy

Although offsprings are Although children are told

taught not to obtain free gifts not to take gifts from
from strangers, at the present strangers, many still do.
moment many still do.
2. Avoid redundancies, clichés, wordiness,
and highfalutin.

Example of clichés:

Time will tell,

In a jiffy
Brave as a lion
2. Avoid redundancies, clichés, wordiness,
and highfalutin.

Example of highfalutin words

Hackslaver - to hesitate or stammer in speech

Hedley-medley - a confused jumble
2. Avoid redundancies, clichés, wordiness,
and highfalutin.

Wordy Simplified
is located in is in
is required to must or should
4. Use precise vocabulary. Be accurate. Be
condensed.

We're going to make a country We hope to build an inclusive

in which no one is left out. society.
5. Be consistent in pronoun point of view.

We should simply accept that fate is We should simply accept that fate is
simply an illusion; you must not leave simply an illusion; we must not leave
our decisions something that does not our decisions something that does not
exist. exist.
6. Avoid sexist language.

Every employee should All employees should

submit his credentials. submit their credentials.
7. Use appropriate level of formality.

Yes, diskettes are like a thing Diskettes may be outdated,

of the past, but they’re still but they are still fascinating.
cool today.
 Level of Formality
Informal Formal Highly Formal

Time First, second, third, To begin with, Subsequently,

Sequence then, next afterwards previously
Addition Also, and In addition, moreover, Equally important
furthermore
Cause/effect So, for Therefore, as a result, Consequently,
thus accordingly, hence
Comparison Also, too, like As well as, both, and Bear resemblance, in
neither, nore opposition to
Example For example, for As an illustration
instance
Summary/Conclusion Finally, last In summary, in
conclusion
What are the tones of
writing covered by
language use?
 1. Subjective Tone
-uses the writer’s personal biases and judgment. It tells us
something about the writer, and particularly on how he/she feels.

Example:

Here is an excerpt from the Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats.

“Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft
pipes, play on… Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone: Fair youth, beneath the
trees, thou canst not leave Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;”
 1. Subjective Tone

This is an example of a subjective approach. Here, the speaker

expresses his feelings of love for the old days of Ancient Greece. In
this stanza, he is talking about a musician who is playing pipes
beautifully. He escapes from physical world to his world of fantasy,
where weather never changes and there is an eternal spring. The act
of the writer of expressing his own feeling makes this example a
subjective writing.
 2. Objective Tone
- uses factual information and arguments. It is an impersonal style
of writing. It gives us information about something but does not
include information about the writer.

Example:
Here is a portion of the news on “Ministry of Health prepares Lao media to report on the next
COVID-19 outbreak” dated June 26, 2020.

Health authorities in Lao PDR are working to further strengthen the surveillance systems for
early warning and detection of outbreaks. For example, they now have staff in place to do
health screening at all international points of entry into the country and are putting in place
community-level surveillance to rapidly detect clusters of people with COVID-like symptoms
such as cough and fever.