Final Exam Biology

Q. (a) The diagram shows part of the human digestive

system.
(i) In which of these parts is hydrochloric acid
produced? (1)

(ii) In which of these parts are faeces stored?

(b) The liver produces bile.
Explain the role of bile in digestion. (3) marks

Answer….
 Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the
gallbladder.
 Bile helps with digestion.
 It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the
digestive tract.
© Some people have a condition called coeliac disease.
In this condition the body reacts to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat.

This reaction damages the villi in the small intestine.

The diagram shows how the villi in the small intestine are damaged.
(i) Explain how the undamaged villi are adapted for their function. (4)
marks

Answer…
 Villi have capillaries inside them for a good blood supply to allow for quick
diffusion into the blood.
 Villi have a large surface area to allow quicker diffusion.
 The cells in the walls of the villi have microvilli to provide an even bigger
surface area for quicker diffusion.
(ii) Explain why children with untreated coeliac disease may grow more slowly
and become tired more easily than children without coeliac disease.
Use the information from the diagram and your own knowledge to
support your answer. (4) marks
Answer….
 It damages the lining of the small intestine and makes it hard to absorb
nutrients.
 As a result, children with coeliac disease may not get the nourishment they
need to grow and thrive.
 The condition requires lifelong care.
 If left untreated, it can lead to delayed growth and even thin bones and
fractures.
• The diagram shows an insect transferring pollen grains from flower P to
flower Q.

(a) Which structure in flowers contains pollen grains?

Q. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and produces ATP.
(a) Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration. (2)
oxygen + …………………………………………… …………………………………………… +
…………………………………………… + ATP
(b) A scientist investigates the rates of aerobic respiration of some animals.
The scientist calculates the rate of respiration per gram of each animal. The
results are shown in the table.
Explain why a mouse uses more oxygen per gram than a human. (3)marks

Answer….

 A small mouse has a different rate of oxygen consumption than a larger

animal because smaller animals have a smaller surface area to volume ratio,
making them subject to more heat loss to the environment per unit of time.
Q. Biologists classify organisms into different groups.
One group of organisms is fungi.
Complete the passage about fungi by writing a suitable word or words in
each blank space. (4) marks

Fungi do not carry out photosynthesis. Their body is usually organised

into a mycelium made from thread-like structures
called .............................................................. . Fungal cell walls are made
of .............................................................. . Fungi feed by extracellular secretion
of .............................................................. onto food material and absorption of
the organic products. This is known as ..............................................................
nutrition.
Ans.• hyphae (1)
• chitin (1)
• enzymes(1)
• saprotrophic / saprophytic (1)
Q. The diagram shows a wind-pollinated flower with some structures labelled W,
X and Y.

(i) Describe how structures W, X and Y are adapted for wind pollination.

(3) marks
Answer…
 W or stigmas may be large and feathery to catch the pollen grains.
 Y or the filaments are long, with anthers (X) dangling on the end, thus
exposing the pollen to the air currents.
(ii) Structures W, X and Y are adapted for wind pollination.
Give two other differences between wind-pollinated flowers and
insect-pollinated flowers. (2) marks

Answer….

1. Wind pollinated flowers have light-colored petals and do not have a pleasant
smell.
2. Insect pollinated flowers have bright-colored petals, and they have a
pleasant smell.
Q. The diagram shows the human heart with four chambers and four
blood vessels labelled.

Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood to the heart? (1)

(ii) Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood away from the heart? (1)

(b) Humans need a balanced diet for healthy growth and development.
Give the function of three different components of a balanced diet. (3)
Q. The diagram shows an insect-pollinated flower called a lily.

(a) (i) Which of these is the name of structure P? (1)

(ii) Which of these is the name of structure Q? (1)

(iii) On which structure do pollen grains germinate? (1)

Q. The diagram shows a food web from a woodland ecosystem.

(a) (i) Which organism in the food web is the producer? (1)
(ii) Which organism acts as both a secondary consumer and a tertiary
consumer in the food web? (1)
Q. The diagram shows part of a food web for a desert community.

How many organisms in this food web are secondary consumers? (1)
Q. Explain why yeast causes the bread dough to increase in height. (2)
Q. A balanced diet contains the correct proportion of vitamins.
(a) The table lists the functions of some vitamins.
Complete the table by stating the correct vitamins.
The first one has been done for you. (2)
Q. All organisms carry out some form of reproduction such as asexual
reproduction or sexual reproduction.
(a) Describe how asexual reproduction differs from sexual
reproduction. (3) marks

Answer.
 Asexual reproduction generates offspring that are genetically identical to a
single parent.
 In sexual reproduction, two parents contribute genetic information to produce
unique offspring.
 Sexual and asexual reproduction have advantages and disadvantages.
Q. The diagram shows a yeast cell.

Which type of organism is a yeast cell? (1)

Q. A meal contains different food components.
(a) The table lists some of the components in the meal. Complete the
table by giving the function of each component. One has been done for
you. (4)
Q. If a person drinks a lot of water, the water content of their blood will
increase.
(a) Describe how the water content of their blood is regulated.
(5) marks

Answer.
 Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect the increase in water concentration.
 This stimulates the pituitary gland to release less ADH.
 This reduces the amount of ADH in the blood and so, reduces the amount of ADH
reaching the collecting ducts in the Kidney.