SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL

CONTRIBUTIONS TO
MOTOR CONTROL
GROUP 2
JOINT
RECEPTORS
◦ sensory receptors
located in the joint
capsule that provide
information about
joint position; help to
maintain posture
because the system is
organized to maintain
particular angles.
CUTANEO
US
RECEPTOR
S◦ a receptor located
in the skin that
provides inherent
information about
touch (haptic
sensations)
Input to the Central
Nervous System
◦ Input from the various
receptors comes together in the
periphery into spinal nerves,
collections of individual
neurons (both sensory, or
afferent, and motor, or
efferent) that carry
information toward and away
from the spinal cord.
 PROPRIOCEPTION

Proprioception is the medical term

that describes the ability to sense the
refers to the body’s orientation of your body in your
ability to perceive its own environment. It allows you to move
quickly and freely without having to
position in space. consciously think about where you
are in space or in your environment.
 Knowing whether feet are on soft
grass or hard cement without
looking (even while wearing
Other examples shoes) · Balancing on one leg
of
Proprioception
Includes: Throwing a ball without
having to look at the
throwing arm.
 1557‐ Julius Scaliger described
the position movement sensation
as a “sense of locomotion.“

HISTORY OF 1826‐ Charles Bell

PROPRIOCEPT broadened the term to
ION involve “muscle sense.“

1880 Henry Bastian coined the

term “kinesthesia” meaning
tendons, joints and skin were
giving afferent info (back to the
brain)
 1889‐ Alfred Goldsheider made classification of
kinesthesia into muscle, tendon and joint sensitivity.

1906‐ Charles Sherrington introduced the terms

proprioception, interoception and exteroception E
History of
Proprioception xteroception brings Organs responsible for
information from outside of the body: eyes, ears,
mouth and skin.

Interoception Organs responsible for information

from inside of the body: internal organs.
 Teaching the body to react appropriately to
sudden changes decreases the chance of
reinjure.

It increases balance and coordination

Proprioception skills.
Can be Trained
Through: It increases agility/quick direction
changes.

It increases the speed with which

athletes return to sport.
 What happens when
proprioception is
impared?
◦ If you have poor proprioception
after an injury or surgery, you may
not even notice. But sometimes,
impaired proprioception results in
difficulty with basic functional
mobility. When walking on
unsteady surfaces, you may feel
like you are about to lose your
balance. If your proprioception is
really off, you may even fall.
◦ Functional mobility is a
person's physiological
ability to move
independently and safely in
a variety of environments in
order to accomplish
functional activities or tasks
and to participate in the
activities of daily living, at
home, work and in the
community.
 Examples of injuries and
conditions that can cause
proprioceptive deficit include:
◦ Brain injuries- is a disruption in the normal
function of the brain that can be caused by a blow,
bump or jolt to the head, the head suddenly and
violently hitting an object or when an object
pierces the skull and enters brain tissue.
Observing one of the following clinical signs
constitutes alteration in the normal brain function:
◦ Loss of or decreased consciousness
◦ Loss of memory for events before or after the
event (amnesia)
◦ Focal neurological deficits such as muscle
weakness, loss of vision, change in speech
◦ Alteration in mental state such as disorientation,
slow thinking or difficulty concentrating
Arthritis- a disease that affects your joints
(areas where your bones meet and move).
Arthritis usually involves inflammation or
degeneration (breakdown) of your joints.
These changes can cause pain when you
use the joint. Arthritis include injury,
abnormal metabolism, genetic makeup,
infections, and immune system
dysfunction.
Stroke- occurs when the blood
supply to part of your brain is
interrupted or reduced, preventing
brain tissue from getting oxygen and
nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in
minutes.
 Huntington’s disease - is an inherited
Parkinson’s disease- is a nervous system
disorder that causes nerve cells (called
disease that affects your ability to
neurons) in parts of the brain to
control movement. The disease usually
gradually break down and die. The
starts out slowly and worsens over time.
disease, which gets worse over time,
If you have Parkinson's disease, you may
attacks motor control regions of the
shake, have muscle stiffness, and have
brain. This disease causes changes in the
trouble walking and maintaining your
central area of the brain, which affect
balance and coordination.
movement, mood and thinking skills.
THANK YOU!