EARLY PERSPECTIVES ON

ORGANIZATIONS AND
COMMUNICATION
Dahlia Gardiner
Glendena Mills
 Three Early Perspectives

• Classical Management

• Human Relations

• Human Resources
 SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH

• Frederick Winslow Taylor

• 4 Principles of Scientific Management
– Develop a science of work
– Scientific selection and training
– Educate workers and managers in the
benefits of Scientific Management
– Specialization and collaboration between
workers
HENRI FAYOL’S CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT

• Fayol’s 5 Elements of Management

– Planning
– Organizing
– Command (delegation)
– Coordination
– Monitoring
 THE HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH

• Mary Parker Follett

• Elton Mayo
a) The Hawthorne Studies

• Chester Barnard
 THE HUMAN RESOURCES APPROACH

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• McGregor’s Theory Y Management

• Likert’s Principle of Supportive Relationships

 MANAGING THE KITCHEN

• Most descriptions of management styles

begins with
• Scientific Management
• Human Relations
• Human Resources
 MANAGING THE KITCHEN
• Most professional kitchens continue to
follow the rules established by the noted
French chef Auguste Escoffier in the early
twentieth century
Escoffier’s approach is often referred to as a
kitchen brigade and involves a strict hierarchy.
KITCHEN BRIGADE HIERARCHY
Chef de cuisine

Sous chef

Chef de partie

Commis

Kitchen assistants
 The Brigade Approach

• The brigade approach most resembles a

scientific or classical style of
management.

• This approach ensures efficiency and

effectiveness in the kitchen
 The Robin Hood Restaurants
(alternative management style)

• Take what you need and leave a fair price

• Wash dishes or clear tables as a way to
“pay” for meals
 What would you do?

Discussion Questions:
• Have you ever worked in a kitchen or
restaurant? If so, how closely did the
kitchen follow the brigade style of
management? What kind of management
style would you prefer as a kitchen or
restaurant employee?
 Question 2 Response
Effective Communication
• Benefits:
– Team building
– Employee morale
– Increased productivity

Being humiliated at work can lead to less

comfortable working conditions and can also
lead to legal issues.
 What would you do?
“Managing the Kitchen”
• Alternative restaurant structures – like the “Robin
Hood restaurants” – might be growing in popularity,
but they also give us the opportunity to examine
the relationship between what is ethical and what
is fair. Is it fair for someone to eat a lot of food and
leave a small amount of money or even no money
at all? What if that person hadn’t eaten in a couple
of days? Why might the success of these restaurants
be growing, even though they’re working under a
fairly unpredictable structure?
•
 Question 4 Response
Different Management Strategies

• Effective leaders integrate different

management styles to accomplish operational
and strategic tasks. When an employee has
the skills and experience to complete a task,
effective managers delegate responsibility.
 Managing the workplace
• There are several different types of
management styles when it comes to
managing in the workplace and choosing
the right type of style to lead with could
have a big impact in terms of how your
staff produces for you.