Computer Age Generation

1st to 5th
Generation
 •Sherwin Oral Soriano
•Allen Ross Barrosa Mercado
•Andrea Aclan Cabalar
•Andrew Delos Reyes Demition
•Jethel Edward Ablao Baylon
•Ma. Antonette Cano Francisco
•Kristine Anne Pineda Mendoza
•Epifanie Anne Montes Gutierrez
•Yna Nicole Garcia Sumera Cruz
•Kenneth Ordanza Enriquez
 Computer Age Generation

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

Computer generally means a

programmable machine. The two principal
characteristics of a computer are: it responds
to a specific set of instructions in a well-
defined manner and it can execute a
prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
 Computer Age Generation
Many of you probably can’t remember a
world without computers, but for some of us,
computers were virtually unknown when we
were born and have rapidly come of age during
our lifetime. Although there are many
predecessors to what we think of as the modern
computer-reaching as far back as the 18th
Century, when Joseph Marie Jacquard created
a loom programmed to weave cloth and Charles
Babbage created the first fully modern
computer design (which he could never get to
work)-the computer age did not really begin
until the first computer was made available to
the public in 1951.
 The IAS project to develop a stored-program
computer was initiated in 1946 by mathematician
John von Neumann, joined by alumni of the Moore
School’s ENIAC project.
 The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry
and magnetic drums for memory, and were often
enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very
expensive to operate and in addition to using a great
deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was
often the cause of malfunctions.
 First generation computers relied on machine
language, the lowest-level programming language
understood by computers, to perform operations, and
they could only solve one problem at a time. Input
was based on punched cards and paper tape, and
output was displayed on printouts.
 The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples
of first-generation computing devices. The UNIVAC
was the first commercial computer delivered to a
business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
 UNIVAC, EDVAC, EDSAC and ENIAC computers
are examples of first generation computing devices
ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) was designed by

John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert in 1946 at the Moore School of
Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania.
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was the first

commercially general purpose electronic computer.
 (EDVAC) Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer

The conceptual design for EDVAC electronic computer to

use the stored program concept introduced by John Von
Neumann
 EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic
Calculator

EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was

developed by a group of scientists, headed by Professor Maurice
Wilkes at Cambridge University, England, in 1949.
1st Generation Computers
 FIRST GENERATION LANGUAGES 1GLs
(Machine language)
 When the human being stared programming the computer the instruction
were given to it in a language that it could easily understand. And that
language was machine language. The binary language a language, a
language of Is and Os is known as Machine language. Any instruction in
this language is given in the form of string of 1s and 0s. Where the symbol
I stand for the presence of electrical pulse and 0 stands for the absence of
electric pulse. A set of 1s and 0s as 11101101 has a specific meaning to a
computer even through it appears as binary number to us.

 The writing of programmer in machine language is very cumbersome and

complicated and this was accomplished by experts only. All the
instructions and input data are fed to the computer in numeric form,
specifically a binary form.
 ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
 Vacuum tubes were the only
electronic component available
during those days.
 Vacuum tube technology made
possible to make electronic digital
computers.
 These computers could calculate
data in millisecond.
The computers were very large in size.
They consumed a large amount of energy.
They heated very soon due to thousands of
vacuum tubes.
They were not very reliable.
Air conditioning was required.
Constant maintenance was required.
Non-portable.
Costly commercial production.
Limited commercial use.
Very slow speed.
Limited programming capabilities.
Used machine language only.
Used magnetic drums which provide very
less data storage.
Used punch cards for input.
Not versatile and very faulty.
 Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes.
 Second generation computers were smaller in
comparison with the first generation computers.
 They were faster in comparison with the first
generation computers.
 They generated less heat and were less prone to
failure.
 They took comparatively less computational time.
 Assembly language was used for programming.
 Second generation computers has faster
input/output devices.
 IBM 7000, NCR 304, IBM 650, IBM 1401,
ATLAS and Mark III are the examples of second
generation computers.
 The IBM 700/7000 Series

The IBM 700/7000 series is a series of large-scale

(mainframe) computer systems that were made by IBM
through the 1950s and early 1960s.
NCR 304 (National Cash Register)

The NCR 304, introduced in 1957, was National Cash

Register (NCR)'s first transistor-based computer. The 304
was developed and manufactured in cooperation with
General Electric.
 IBM 650

The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine was

one of IBM’s early computers, and the world’s first mass-
produced computer.[1][2] It was announced in 1953 and in
1956 enhanced as the IBM 650 RAMAC with the addition of up
to four disk storage units.
 IBM 1401

The IBM 1401 was a variable wordlength decimal

computer that was announced by IBM on October
5, 1959. The first member of the highly successful
IBM 1400 series,
 ATLAS

The Atlas Computer was a joint

development between the University of
Manchester, Ferranti, and Plessey.