定语从句精讲

基本概念：
 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
That is the house where he lived ten years
ago.
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或
关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接
作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。

关系代词有： that, who, whom, whose, which ， as

关系副词有： when, where, why.

关系代词的用法：
 1 ． 作主语用 who, which 和 that,
He is the man (who/that) lives next door.
The train (which/that) has just left is for Shenzhen.
 2 ． 作宾语用 whom, who, which, that,
The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous
writer.
Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?
 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词 who whom, tha
t 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用 whom, 不可省略；
用于指物的关系代词 which 和 that 在非正式文体中也通常
省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。
 3 ． 作定语用 whose,
He is the man whose car was stolen last
week.
It was a meeting whose importance I did not
realize at that time.
4 ． 作表语只用 that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但
时常省略。
He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place (that) it

used to be.
关系副词的用法：
 1 ． when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词
通 常 有 ： time, day, morning, night, week,
year 等。
I still remember the time when I first
became a college student.
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?

注： when 时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状
语中。如： Each time he came, he did his
best to help us.
 2 ． where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常
有： place, spot, street, house, room, city, town,
country 等。
This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
注： where 有时也可以省略。如： This is the place
(where) we met yesterday.
 3 ． why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason 。
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
注： why 时常也可以省略。如 :That is the real reas
on he did it.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
 1 ．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定
作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可
省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： This is the
telegram which he refers to. Is there
anything (that) I can do for you?
 2 ．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限
定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，
如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有
停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如： This
note was left by Tom, who was here a
moment ago. As a boy, he was always
making things, most of which were
electric.
 非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个
部分，这时一般采用 which 或 as 来引导。当整个主句（先行词）在从句中
作主语时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.
He has left here, which greatly upsets me.
注： （ 1 ） as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而 which 引导的从句只能放在
主句之后。 They are hollow, which makes them very light. As
is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
（ 2 ）从意义上讲， which 指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都
知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象„ „那样”。
（ 3 ）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用或当非限制定语从句为否定
时 ， 则 常 用 which ， 而 不 用 as ， 如 ： She stole her friend’s
money, which was disgraceful. He tore up my photo, which
upset me.