18th Article

Article I
NATIONAL TERRITORY

The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and
waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has
sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains,
including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other
submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal
waters of the Philippines.
 Article II
Declaration of Principles and state Policies
lippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in

the people and all government authority emanates from them.

Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the

generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and

adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all

nations.

Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed

Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure
 all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal,

military or civil service.

Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and

property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the

people of the blessings of democracy.

Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.

STATE POLICIES

Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with

other states, the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial

integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination.

Section 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a

policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.

 Article III
Bill of Rights
Article III of the Philippine
Constitution is the Bill of Rights. It
establishes the relationship of the
individual to the State and defines the
rights of the individual by limiting the
lawful powers of the State. It is one of
the most important political
achievements of the Filipinos.
 ARTICLE IV
Section 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are
citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to
perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine
citizenship. Those who elect Philippine citizenship in
accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be
deemed natural-born citizens.
 Article V
What is Article V of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
s u ff ra g e ?
S u ff r a g e m a y b e e x e r c i s e d b y a l l c i t i z e n s o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s
n o t o t h e r w i s e d i s q u a l i f i e d b y l a w, w h o a r e a t l e a s t e i g h t e e n
years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines
f o r a t l e a s t o n e y e a r, a n d i n t h e p l a c e w h e r e i n t h e y p r o p o s e
to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the
election.
 ARTICLE VI
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

The legislative power shall be vested in the

Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of
a Senate and a House of Representatives, except to
the extent reserved to the people by the provision
on initiative and referendum.
What is Article VII Executive Department all
about?
Article VII, the 1987 Constitution vests
executive power on the President of the
Philippines. The President is the Head of
State and Head of Government, and
functions as the commander-in-chief of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines.
 ARTICLE VIII
What is Article VIII judicial department?
Judicial power rests with the Supreme
Court and the lower courts, as established
by law (Art. VIII, sec. 1 of the 1987
Constitution). Its duty is to settle actual
controversies involving rights which are
legally demandable and enforceable (Art.
VIII Sec.
 Article IX

ARTICLE IX CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION

The Constitutional Commissions, which shall be independent, are the Civil Service
Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit.s.
 ARTICLE X LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The territorial and political subdivisions of

the Republic of the Philippines are the
provinces, cities, municipalities, and
barangays. There shall be autonomous
regions in Muslim Mindanao and the
Cordilleras as hereinafter provided.
 ARTICLE XI ACCOUNTABILITY OF
PUBLIC OFFICERS

Public office is a public trust. Public

officers and employees must, at all times, be
accountable to the people, serve them with
utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and
efficiency; act with patriotism and justice,
and lead modest lives.
 ARTICLE XII
NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY

The goals of the national economy are a more

equitable distribution of opportunities, income, and
wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods
and services produced by the nation for the benefit
of the people; and an expanding productivity as the
key to raising the quality of life for all, especially
the underprivileged.
 ARTICLE XIII
SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Section 1. The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that
protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social,
economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably
diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.

To this end, the State shall regulate the acquisition, ownership, use, and disposition of
property and its increments.

Section 2. The promotion of social justice shall include the commitment to create
economic opportunities based on freedom of initiative and self-reliance.
 ARTICLE XIV
EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS

EDUCATION

Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the

right of all citizens to quality education at all levels,
and shall take appropriate steps to make such
education accessible to all.
 ARTICLE XV
THE FAMILY

Section 1. The State recognizes the Filipino family as the foundation of the
nation. Accordingly, it shall strengthen its solidarity and actively promote its
total development.

Section 2. Marriage, as an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of

the family and shall be protected by the State.

Section 3. The State shall defend:

ART I C L E X V I
GE NE R A L P R O VI S I ONS

S e c t i o n 1 . T h e f l a g o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s s h a l l b e r e d , wh i t e , a n d b l u e , wi t h a s u n a n d t h r e e s t a r s , a s
c o n s e c r a t e d a n d h o n o r e d b y t h e p e o p l e a n d r e c o g n i z e d b y l a w.

S e c t i o n 2 . T h e C o n g r e s s m a y, b y l a w, a d o p t a n e w n a m e f o r t h e c o u n t r y, a n a t i o n a l a n t h e m , o r a n a t i o n a l
s e a l , w h i c h s h a l l a l l b e t r u l y r e f l e c t i v e a n d s y m b o l i c o f t h e i d e a l s , h i s t o r y, a n d t r a d i t i o n s o f t h e p e o p l e .
S u c h l a w s h a l l t a k e e ff e c t o n l y u p o n i t s r a t i f i c a t i o n b y t h e p e o p l e i n a n a t i o n a l r e f e r e n d u m .

S e c t i o n 3 . T h e S t a t e m a y n o t b e s u e d wi t h o u t i t s c o n s e n t .

S e c t i o n 4 . T h e Ar m e d F o r c e s o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s s h a l l b e c o m p o s e d o f a c i t i z e n a r m e d f o r c e w h i c h s h a l l
u n d e rg o m i l i t a r y t r a i n i n g a n d s e r v e a s m a y b e p r o v i d e d b y l a w. I t s h a l l k e e p a r e g u l a r f o r c e n e c e s s a r y f o r
the security of the State.

S e c t i o n 5 . ( 1 ) A l l m e m b e r s o f t h e a r m e d f o r c e s s h a l l t a k e a n o a t h o r a ff i r m a t i o n t o u p h o l d a n d d e f e n d t h i s
Constitution
 Article XVII
Amendments or Revision

of this Constitution outlines the process for amending or revising it. There are three main
ways to propose changes:
⚬T h e C o n g r e s s c a n p r o p o s e a m e n d m e n t s w i t h a t h r e e - f o u r t h s m a j o r i t y v o t e o f i t s
members or call a constitutional convention.
⚬T h e p e o p l e c a n p r o p o s e a m e n d m e n t s t h r o u g h a n i n i t i a t i v e w i t h a p e t i t i o n s i g n e d b y a t
least twelve percent of registered voters, ensuring representation from every legislative
district.
⚬T h e C o n g r e s s c a n a l s o c a l l a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n v e n t i o n w i t h a t w o - t h i r d s m a j o r i t y v o t e
or submit the question to the electorate.
Once an amendment is proposed and approved, it must be ratified by a majority vote in a
plebiscite held between sixty to ninety days after approval. This process aims to ensure
a careful and democratic approach to changing the Constitution.
A RT I C L E X V I I I
lThis article outlines the transitional provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:

1. First elections for Congress members in May 1987.

2 . S e n a t o r s a n d l o c a l o ff i c i a l s e l e c t e d i n 1 9 8 7 s e r v e u n t i l J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 9 2 .
3 . E x i s t i n g l a w s a n d t r e a t i e s r e m a i n i n e ff e c t u n t i l a m e n d e d o r r e p e a l e d .
4. The President's term is extended to June 30, 1992.
5. The incumbent President has legislative powers until the first Congress convenes.
6. The President can appoint sectoral representatives until a law is passed.
7. The Metropolitan Manila Authority can be constituted by the President.
8 . S u b - p r o v i n c e s c o n t i n u e u n t i l c o n v e r t e d o r m e rg e d .
9 . E x i s t i n g c o u r t s a n d l a w s r e m a i n i n e ff e c t .
1 0 . J u d g e s c o n t i n u e i n o ff i c e u n t i l a g e 7 0 o r r e m o v a l .
11 . T h e S u p r e m e C o u r t p l a n s t o e x p e d i t e p e n d i n g c a s e s .
1 2 . L e g a l e ff e c t s o f c a s e d e l a y s d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t .
1 3 . S a l a r y a d j u s t m e n t s f o r g o v e r n m e n t o ff i c i a l s .
1 4 . A s s e t s o f a b o l i s h e d o ff i c e s t r a n s f e r r e d .
15. Priority for free public secondary education.
16. Procedures for land reversion and agrarian reform.
1 7 . Tr a n s i t i o n f o r a d v e r t i s i n g e n t i t i e s ' F i l i p i n o o w n e r s h i p .
18. Disbanding of private armies and paramilitary forces.
19. Foreign military bases only allowed with Senate approval.
20. Sequestration orders for ill-gotten wealth with time limits.

T h i s C o n s t i t u t i o n t o o k e ff e c t u p o n r a t i f i c a t i o n i n a p l e b i s c i t e .
THANK
YOU