18 and 19

th th

Century
Cabuyao, Ramilyn
Espejo, Princess Aira M.
BEED GEN. EDUCATION III
The 18 Century
th

English Literature
Activity time
The 18th Century English Literature
Historical and Social Background

The 18th century is a period of comparatively peaceful

development in England. After the Glorious Revolution,
England entered the Golden Age. The state power passed
from the king gradually to the Parliament and the cabinet
ministers; therefore, capitalist system was established in
England. A vast expansion abroad of British colonies in
Asia, Africa and North America and Acts of Enclosure at
home caused the Industrial Revolution.
The 18th Century English Literature
The development of the literature in this period can
be summarized as: the predominance of neoclassical
poetry and prose in the early decades of the 18th
century; the rise and flourish of modern realistic
novel in the middle years of the 18th century; and the
appearance of gothic novel and the sentimental and
pre-romantic poetry and fiction in the last few
decades of the 18th century.
The 18th Century English Literature

Pre-Romanticism
 Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
 Daniel Defoe
 Robert Burns
 William Blake
The 18th Century English Literature

Jonathan Swift
• Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) was an Anglo- Irish satirist, essayist,
political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for the Tories) and
poet.

• Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English

language, and is less well known for his poetry. Swift originally
published all of his works under pseudonyms or anonymously.

• He is also known for being a master of satire.

The 18th Century English Literature

(Jonathan Swift)
His major works:
•A Tale of a Tub
•Gulliver's Travels
•A Modest Proposal
The 18th Century English Literature
Daniel Defoe
•Daniel Defoe (1659-1661) was an English
writer, journalist, and pamphleteer, who
gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson
Crusoe.

•Defoe is notable for being a prolific and

versatile writer, he wrote more than five
hundred books, pamphlets, and journals on
various topics (including politics, crime,
religion, marriage, psychology and the
supernatural).
The 18th Century English Literature
Robert Burns

• Robert Burns (1759-1796) was a poet

and a lyricist. He is widely regarded as
the national poet of Scotland, and is
celebrated worldwide.

• He is the best known of the poets who

have written in the Scots language,
although much of his writing is also in
English and a 'light' Scots dialect,
accessible to an audience beyond
Scotland.
The 18th Century English Literature

William Blake

William Blake (1757- 1827) was

an English poet, painter, and
printmaker.

His major works:

- Songs of Innocence
- Songs of Experience
The 18th Century English Literature
Romantic Period

Passive poets
•William Wordsworth
•Samuel Taylor Coleridge
•Robert Southey

Active poets
•George Gordon Byron
•Percy Bysshe Shelley
•John Keats
The 18th Century English Literature
William Wordsworth

• He is the representative poet of the early

Romanticism.

• Like other Romantics, Wordsworth's

personality and poetry were deeply influenced
by his love of nature, especially by the sights
and scenes of the Lake Country, in which he
spent most of his mature life.

• A profoundly earnest and sincere thinker, he

displayed a high seriousness tempered with
tenderness and a love of simplicity.
The 18th Century English Literature
Samuel Taylor Coleridge

• Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) was

an English poet, critic and philosopher who
was, along with his friend William
Wordsworth, one of the founders of the
Romantic Movement in England and one of
the Lake Poets.

• He is probably best known for his poems

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, as well as
his major prose work Biographia Literaria.
The 18th Century English Literature
Robert Southey

• Robert Southey (1774-1843) was an English

poet of the Romantic school, one of the so- called
"Lake Poets", and Poet Laureate for 30 years
from 1813 to his death in 1843.

• He was a prolific letter writer, literary scholar,

essay writer, historian and biographer.

• Perhaps his most enduring contribution to

literary history is the immortal children's
classic, The Story of the Three Bears, the
original Goldilocks story, which first saw print
in 1834 in Southey's novel, The Doctor.
The 18th Century English Literature
George Gordon Byron

• George Gordon Byron (1788-1824) was a British poet and a

leading figure in Romanticism.

• He is regarded as one of the greatest European poets and

remains widely read and influential, both in the English-speaking
world and beyond.

• Byron's fame rests not only on his writings but also on his life,
which featured extravagant living, numerous love affairs, debts,
separation, and marital exploits. He was famously described by
Lady Caroline Lamb as "mad, bad, and dangerous to know."
The 18th Century English Literature

George Gordon Byron

His major works:

- Child Harold's
Pilgrimage
- Don Juan
The 18th Century English Literature
Percy Bysshe Shelley

• Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) was one of the

major English Romantic poets and is widely
considered to be among the finest lyric poets in
the English language.

• He was famous for his association with John

Keats and Lord Byron. The novelist Mary
Shelley was his second wife.
The 18th Century English Literature

Percy Bysshe Shelley

His major works:

- Prometheus Unbound
- A Defence of Poetry
- Ode to the West Wind
- The Revolt of Islama
The 18th Century English Literature
John Keats

• John Keats (1795-1821) was one of the principal poets

of the English Romantic movement. During his short
life, his work received constant critical attacks from
periodicals of the day, but his posthumous influence on
poets has been immense.

• Elaborate word choice and sensual imagery

characterize Keats's poetry.
The 18th Century English Literature

John Keats

Major works:
Isabella
The Eve of St. Agnes,
Lamia
Ode to a Nightingale
Question?
19th Century Literatures
(1801 – 1900)
Activity time Word Hunt
D F G H J K B D F W A F E Q W W T G N D
V V I C T O R I A N E R A B R I K T H G
H R R E R T I R R A N R T Y U I J K I P
o BRITISH
J F G N T J T O R A G Q R T Y B H J K K
o CENTURY
o CHARLES DICKENS T V H T G K I B T S L I T E R A T U R E
o ENGLISH D C J U H M S E H D I Q Q E R F G H J K
o LITERATURE F B I R N N H R N Y S F T S S I O R I K
o NOVEL G H O Y K H W T K G H G G D D K O G I G
o PREROMANTICISM
N J P Q Y L E B I H B H H F H H K W U D
o ROBERT BURNS
N K D W R Q D U O J B J N G Q Y J Q J E
o ROMANTIC PERIOD
o VICTORIAN ERA J M B Q S W Q R P J H I O J Q T G W H R
K N T E F Q Q N L K I K V Q W E R F G Y
U C H A R L E S D I C K E N S R T Y U I
D G H J T S A V B J K I L F E T T Y U J
R O M A N T I C P E R I O D H D Q W R J
P R E R O M A N T I C I S M B I O L K G
19th Century Literatures
• The 19th century is also known
as the Victorian Era since it
nearly spans the reign of Queen
Victoria from 1837-1901.
During this time, the British
Empire expanded.

• The first half of the 19th

century was characterized by
Romanticism
 19th Century Literatures

Victorian Era
• Alexandrina Victoria
• Queen of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland from June 1837
to 1901.
• Her reign, called the
Victorian Age, was marked
by a period of British
expansion and a restoration
of dignity and popularity to
the monarchy as shown by
her Jubilees of 1887 and
1897.
19th Century British Literature

1. Great Expectations, Charles Dickens

(1860-61)

Great Expectations, novel by Charles

Dickens, first published serially in All the
Year Round in 1860–61 and issued in
book form in 1861. The classic novel was
one of its author’s greatest critical and
popular successes. It chronicles the
coming of age of the orphan Pip while
also addressing such issues as social class
and human worth.
19th Century British Literature

2. Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontë (1847)

Jane Eyre, novel by Charlotte Brontë, first

published in 1847 as Jane Eyre: An
Autobiography, with Currer Bell (Brontë’s
pseudonym) listed as the editor. Widely
considered a classic, it gave new
truthfulness to the Victorian novel with
its realistic portrayal of the inner life of a
woman, noting her struggles with her
natural desires and social condition.
19th Century British Literature

3. Middlemarch, George Eliot (1871-72)

Middlemarch, novel by George Eliot

(pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans),
published in eight parts in 1871–72 and
also published in four volumes in 1872. It
is considered to be Eliot’s masterpiece.
The realist work is a study of every class
of society in the town of Middlemarch—
from the landed gentry and clergy to the
manufacturers and professional men,
farmers, and labourers. The focus,
however, is on the thwarted idealism of
its two principal characters, Dorothea
Brooke and Tertius Lydgate, both of
whom marry disastrously.
19th Century British Literature

4. Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë (1939)

Wuthering Heights, American dramatic

film, released in 1939, that was an
adaptation of Emily Brontë’s acclaimed
novel of the same name. It starred
Laurence Olivier and Merle Oberon as the
tale’s unhappy lovers.
19th Century British Literature

5. Jude the Obscure, Thomas Hardy

(1895)

Jude the Obscure is Hardy’s last work of

fiction and is also one of his most
gloomily fatalistic, depicting the lives of
individuals who are trapped by forces
beyond their control.
Question?
Let’s have a short quiz!
 Short Quiz!
1. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots
language.
2. He is also known for being a master of satire.
3-4. Two major works of William Blake
5. He wrote more than five hundred books pamphlets, and journals on
various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology
and the supernatural).
6. It is known as Victorian Era
7. The novel by Charlotte Brontë
8-10. Give 3 literature from 19th century.
Thank You for Listening
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God Bless