Get well soon Turkey

We will bind our wounds together

 Let’s Meet
 What is your name?
 What is your expectation from this training?
 Is there an application you want to learn in particular?
(For example heart massage, kiss of life, artificial respiration, transport techniques, methods of
stopping bleeding, poisonings etc.)
 What would you do if you had a hundred million dollars?

(a hard question!.. )
 What are three things you would take with you on a deserted island?
(it is too cliche! :D )
 Who is the famous person you want to meet?
 What will upset you the most in this life?
First Aid Trainer Habibe Höçük Köylü
Is an ambulance enough to save lives?

Even in the
most advanced
systems, it
takes a certain
time for the
ambulance to
reach the
scene!
 Minutes could
make a difference!
Are you ready first aid?
General First Aid İnformation
Part 1
 Aim

Developing a basic understanding of first aid.

 Goals
 Learning basic concepts
 Learning primary purposes of first aid
 Learning the basic applications of first aid
 Learning the characteristics and responsibilities
of first aider
 Learning the life –saving chain
 First Aid
In an accident or life
threatening situation,it is
First Aid a drug-free application at
Our lives are connected the scene without the
use of medical
equipment,in order to
save life or prevent the
situation from getting
worse,until the help of
the paramedics is
provided.
(Ministry of Health-First
Everyone saving life Aid Regulation)
 Emergency Treatment
These are medical interventions made by
doctors and health personnel, in
emergency treatment units, using all kinds
of drugs and medical equipment.
Fisrt Aid–Emergency Treatment
 They are not alternatives to
each other.
 There is no cure in first aid.
 Lifesaving begins with first
aid and ends with
emergency treatment.
 First Aider
It is a person who has been trained to
perform the applications specified in the
first aid definition..
 Purposes of First Aid
 Eliminate life-threatening
 Maintaining vital functions
 Prevent worsening
 Provide recovery
Basic Applications of First Aid

Protect (Dangers?)
Notify (Call for help!)
Rescue (Technical, Medical
 To Protect
 Self
 Surroundings
 Patient/ Casualty
 Notify / Report
 Calling out
 Telephone
 Wireless (taxi, etc.)
 Call for Help!..
Keep calm:
 What happened?
 Where did it happen (well-known
places)?
 How many people?
 At what intensity?
 Number and caller?
 Rescue
 Simple technique recovery
 Medical rescue (first aid)
Responsibilities of the first aider
 Assessing the condition of the patient/injured
 Relieving fears and anxieties
 Prioritize
 Managing the environment
 Keeping the patient/wounded warm
 Not to move
 Call an ambulance
 Treating fractures on the spot
 Updating First Aid information…
First Aider Characteristics
 Communication
(introduce yourself, get
consent!)
 Management (teamwork)
 Careful,Practical
 Information and skill
 Privacy
 Equality (priority)
 Record…
What is the Life-Saving Chain?
The life-saving chain consists of 4 links.
The last two rings belong to advanced
life support and are not the task of the
first aider.
Life-Saving Chain
 1.Ring - Notifying the health institution
 2.Ring - Basic Life Support at the scene
 3.Ring - Interventions by ambulance
teams
 4.Ring – It is the interventions in the
emergency services of the hospital
BODY SYSTEMS
YOU NEED TO KNOW THE HUMAN BODY TO
PERFORM FIRST AID
CELLS COMBINE TISSUE;

TEXTURES COMBINE ORGANS;

ORGANS COMBINE TO FORM

SYSTEMS.

SYSTEMS, COMBINE THE

HUMAN BODY
 Musculoskeletal System
Movement, support,protection:
 Bones
 Joints
 Muscles
 Bone tissue
 Bone tissue consists of osseous
membrane, hard layer, spongy
layer.
 Long bones have a cavity in the
middle, which is filled with bone
marrow.
 The 208 bones in our body make up
our skeleton.There are three types
of bones: long, short and flat.
 Joints
They are structures that connect bones with
their articular surfaces.
Immovable joints:In the head bones (skull)
Semi-movable joints:In the vertebrae and
ribs
Movable joints:In the lower jaw, shoulder-
elbow-wrist-hand finger, hip-knee, wrist-toe
 Muscles
It is the active structure of the
motion system.
Striated muscles: Muscles that
work at our will
Non-striated-smooth muscles:
Muscles that work involuntarily
Although the heart muscle is
striated, it works against our will.
 The Circulatory System
It carries the needs of the tissues (O2 etc.) :
 Heart
 Arteries,veins,capillaries
 Fluid (Lymph)vessels,
 Lymph glands
 Blood
 Since the center of the system is
the heart, it works like a pump and
pumps the blood to the arteries.
 It carries oxygen, nutrients,
hormones, minerals in the blood
from the scalp to the cells in the
toe via capillaries.
 After being used in these areas, it
collects the waste materials and
carbon dioxide through the veins
and carries them to the lungs and
excretory system to be cleaned.
Heart: The Center of the
Circulatory System
Heartbeat :
Adults: 60–80In
 children: 80–100In
infants: It is between 100–120.

1/13 of our body weight is blood.

 Arteries: They are the ways that allow the blood to
be distributed throughout the body.
 Arteries: They carry the blood pumped by the heart to the
capillaries. The blood they carry is pure. These are the vessels with
the highest blood pressure. Therefore, it is light red in color.
 Veins: They are the vessels that take blood from the capillaries in
the tissues and bring it to the heart. The blood they carry is unclean.
Because it contains CO2, nutrients and waste materials. Therefore,
it is dark red in color.
 Capillaries:They are the thinnest branches of the arteries and
provide the exchange of matter. They carry the substances that the
body needs to the cells, and they carry the waste materials to the
veins. They are pure blood and dirty blood webs. They are the
vessels with the lowest blood pressure.
 Nervous system
Consciousness, perception, thinking, balance,
breathing, circulation:
 Brain
 Cerebellum
 Spinal cord
 spinal cord bulb
 nerves
 The respiratory system
Gas exchange, oxygenation of tissues:
Respiratory tract
Lungs

Normal respiratory rate:

12-20 per minute
 Excretory system
Blood filtering :
 Kidneys
 Urinary tracts
 Bladder
 Urethra
 Digestive system
Digestion and absorption of nutrients
 Tongue and teeth
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Gall bladder
 Pancreas
 Intestines
Important Indicators of Vital Signs

When we say vital signs, we mean patient/injured ;

 Consciousness,
 Breathing,
 Circulation,
 Body temperature,
 From Blood Pressure
is mentioned.
 Evaluation of Consciousness
First, the patient's/ injured's state of consciousness is evaluated..

If the person is conscious = Responds to all alerts.

 1 First Degree Loss of Consciousness =
Responds to verbal and noisy stimuli.
 2 Second Degree Loss of Consciousness =
Responds to painful stimuli.
 3 Third Degree Loss of Consciousness =
Unresponsive to all stimuli, does not respond,
Respiratory Evaluation
 When assessing patient/injured breathing;
1. Respiratory frequency,
2. Equality of respiratory intervals,
3. Respiration depth is checked.
 Frequency of breathing is the number of times
a person inhales and exhales in 1 minute..
 Respiratory rate per minute in a healthy adult
12–20,
 In children 16–22, per minute
 In babies 18-24’ per minute
 Evaluation of Blood Pressure
 Blood pressure is not controlled while
evaluating the patient/injured..
 However, it is important to know the meaning
of blood pressure. It is the pressure exerted by
the heart on the vessel wall during contraction
and relaxation. Shows the heart's ability to
pump blood.
 Its normal value is 100/50 - 140/100 mm Hg.
 Heart Rate Evaluation :
The feeling of the pressure exerted by the
heartbeats on the arterial wall with the
fingertips on the vessel wall is called the
pulse..
Normal heart rate per minute
 In an adult 60–100,
 In Children 100–120,
 In Babies 100-140’.
 Pulse Areas
Where the artery approaches the skin :
 Head (Temporal Artery)
 Neck (Carotid Artery)
 Collarbone (Subclavian Artery)
 Armpit (Axillar Artery)
 Arm (Brachial Artery)
 Wrist (Radial/Ulnar Artery)
 Inguinal (Femoral Artery)
 Leg (Popliteal Artery)
 Foot ( Posterior Tibial Artery)
 Foot (Dorsalis Pedis Artery)
 …
Normal heart rate:
 60-100 per minute
Evaluation of Body Temperature :
 In first aid, body temperature should be
measured under the armpit.
 Normal body temperature is 36.5 C.
 Above the normal value is indicated as high
fever, below the normal value is indicated as
low fever.
 It indicates danger above 41–42 C and 34.5
C. 31.0 C and below is fatal
Evaluation of the
Patient/Injured and
the Crime Scene
Part 2
Evaluating the Crime Scene

 Hazards
 Patient/Injured:
 Number
 Types
 Record
Patient/Injured Evaluation
 Assessing the seriousness
 Evaluate priority
 Evaluate the method
…
 First Assessment
 Responce
 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
 What is the ABC of First Aid?
After checking for consciousness, the
following should be evaluated quickly if
unconscious: :
 A. Evaluation of airway patency
 B. Evaluation of breathing (Look-
Listen-Feel )
 C. Supporting circulation
ARE YOU OKAY?

1. ADIM
 What is the ABC of First Aid?
C
A
L
L

F
O
R

H
E
Consciousness control L
B(Breathing)
P
Breathing control
Touching the shoulders A(Airway)
Look-Listen-Feel
By giving verbal ‘ 10 seconds ‘
stimulus Opening the airway
Head tilt-Chin lift
position
 Second Evaluation
 Obtaining information;
 Head
 Neck
 Rib cage
 Abdominal cavity
 Arms,legs