INCLUSIVE

EDUCATION

A PRESENTATION BY PROF.
SHAHZAD HAROON BHUTTA
(EX DIRECTOR SPECIAL EDUCATION)
PRESENTER’S
INTRODUCTION

WITH A PHENOMENAL 35 YEAR IN

SERVICE EXPERIENCE, AT DIFFERENT
ADMINISTRATIVE & ACADEMIC POSTS;
RETIRED ON 5/3/2021.

CONTACT: 03334267573
CONTENTS:
• Definition and concept of Inclusive education
• Stages of inclusion
• Special education
• Inclusive education policies
• Role of teachers
• Aims and characters of Inclusive education
• Strategies to make inclusion a success
WHAT IS INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
• According to UNESCO, inclusive education is seen as
"a process of addressing and the responding to diversity
of needs of all learners through increasing participation
in learning, cultures and communities, and reducing
exclusion from education and from within education“
• Establishment of an education system that includes
everyone, with non-disabled and Disabled people
(including those with “special educational needs”)
CONCEPT OF INCLUSION
• Inclusion is seen as a universal human right.
The aim of inclusion is to embrace all people
irrespective of race, gender, disability, medical
or other need. It is about giving equal access and
opportunities and getting rid of discrimination
and intolerance (removal of barriers). It affects
all aspects of public life
FOUR STAGES OF INCLUSION
• Stage One: Exclusion. No effort is being made.
• Stage Two: Segregation. The children are allowed
into a class but are kept separate from the
mainstream.
• Stage Three: Integration. The children are in a
mainstream setting occasionally or permanently.
• Stage Four: Inclusion.
TYPES OF DISABILITY

Hearing impaired
Mentally Challenged
Physical handicapped
• Visually impaired
WHAT IS SPECIAL EDUCATION
• Specialeducation is a specially designed
program to meet the needs of Children with
Special needs
EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF SPECIAL
CHILDREN
Special teacher
Special building
Special equipment
Counselling and Guidance
Daily Activities
Special Time
• Assessment
SPECIAL EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
• First special education school established in 1948 by All Pakistan
deaf & dumb welfare society at Lahore. Founder of Special
education in Pakistan was Makdum Sadiq Akbar
• First Teachers training institute in Pakistan: Government
training college for the teachers of deaf Gung Mahal Gulbeg
Lahore
• All Pakistan deaf & dumb welfare society established 17 Special
education institutes for deaf throughout Pakistan
• Government of Pakistan nationalized all schools of deaf in 1975
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION POLICY IN
PAKISTAN

• Asmandated by Article 25A of the Pakistani

Constitution, all students, regardless of their
special needs, must be enrolled in ordinary
schools. Kids with disabilities in their
classrooms should have the same accessibility;
evaluation and assessment methods
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION POLICIES
WORLDWIDE
• USA:
In 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, also
known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),
was signed into law. All children, by law, were guaranteed access to
relevant public education
• UK:
The Equality Act 2010 and the SEND Code of Practice (2015),
which mandate the provision of equal opportunities for all
learners, regardless of their abilities, backgrounds, or needs.
ROLE OF TEACHERS IN INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
The first step in inclusive education is setting the
stage for an inclusive classroom. Teachers play a
pivotal role in creating an environment where
every student feels welcome, respected, and
valued. This means using inclusive language,
promoting empathy, and fostering a culture of
acceptance
EXAMPLES OF INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
• Provide students with a sense of belonging.
• Offer an open and welcoming environment where they
are psychologically safe.
• Promote active listening.
• Encourage participation.
• Actively work to combat biases.
• Focus on boosting and maintaining student motivation.
AIMS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
The main objectives of inclusive education are to
identify and enroll children with disabilities in
regular schools and to provide them with effective
academic support. All children should be given an
equal chance to learn to the best of their abilities.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INCLUSION
High Expectations for ALL students.
Full Participation in General Education
Classrooms.
Differentiated Instruction and Assessment.
• Team Collaboration.
MODELS OF INCLUSION
The three main models for including students with
disabilities in mainstream classrooms are
• full inclusion
• partial inclusion
• mainstreaming.

Other ways to increase inclusivity for all students include

using inclusive language and promoting cooperative
learning.
STRATEGIES TO MAKE INCLUSION A
SUCCESS
Make it Personal. Provide opportunities for students to
share their own experiences and perspectives.
Include Various Perspectives. Provide a variety of
perspectives on the topics you teach.
Know Your Students. Get to know your students.
Respect Diverse People.
• Respect Diverse Talents.
SOCIAL ASPECT OF A CLASSROOM
The classroom social environment is comprised of
students' perceptions about how they are
encouraged to interact with and relate to others
(e.g., classmates, the teacher), and encompasses
dimensions of: (1) teacher support, (2) promoting
mutual respect, (3) promoting student task-
related interaction
A SUCCESS STORY
THANK YOU!