Standardization

& Quality
Ecosystem

Bureau of Indian Standards 1

What does Quality mean to you?
• Electric iron
• LED tubelight
• Drinking water
• Biscuits
• Mobile phone
• Restaurant
• School
Bureau of Indian Standards 2
What does quality
mean? Fitness for
use or Do the
Value for purpose right
money thing the
first time

QUALITY
Conformance Consumer
to standards Satisfaction

Freedom Find &

from Features know
defects that meet consumer
consumer needs
needs
Bureau of Indian Standards 3
 Quality - definition
• Distinctive attributes or characteristics of a product or service

• Degree to which a set of inherent characteristic fulfils requirements

• Characteristic – distinguishing feature, i.e. physical, sensory, temporal or
functional etc.
• Requirement – need or expectation that is stated or implied or obligatory,
i.e. custom or common practice

• Totality of features or characteristics of a product or service that

bear on its ability to satisfy a given need (stated or implied)

Bureau of Indian Standards 4

 Quality Requirements:
• Performance - Basic operating characteristics
• Reliability - Probability product/service will operate over time/will be provided
• Conformance - Meeting pre-established standards
• Durability - Life span before replacement
• Serviceability - Ease of getting repairs, speed & competence of repairs
• Aesthetics - Look, feel, sound, smell or taste
• Safety & Security - Freedom from injury or harm
• Features - “Extra” items added to basic features
• Communication & Information – Informed and aware user
• Other perceptions - subjective perceptions based on brand name, advertising, etc
Bureau of Indian Standards 5
Interpretation of Quality

• Consumers interpretation
Focus on the specification quality of a product or service or how it
compares to that of competing brands in market
• Producers interpretation
Measure the conformance quality or degree to which the
product/service was produced correctly

Fitness for Purpose

Bureau of Indian Standards 6

Quality Inspection, Quality
Control &
Quality Assurance
• Quality Inspection – Measuring, examining and testing &
comparing these with requirements to determine
Quality
conformity System
• Quality Control – Activities used to fulfill quality
requirements (inspection oriented) Quality
Assurance
• Quality Assurance – Activities aimed at providing
Quality
confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled Control
(process oriented)
• Quality System – Structure, responsibilities, procedures, Quality
processes & resources for implementing management of Inspection

quality
Bureau of Indian Standards 7
Quality eco-system Network or interconnected system
that work towards quality of goods
& services
Conformance

Conformity
Assessment Metrology

Standards Measurement

Characteristics
&
Requirements Enforcement
Market
Surveillance
Bureau of Indian Standards 8
Actors in the Quality eco-system
Standards Conformity Metrology Market
Assessment Surveillance

• National Standards • Inspection Bodies • National • Regulators

Body Metrological
• Testing Institute • Market
• Standards Laboratories Surveillance
Developing • Legal Metrology Agencies
Organizations • Certification department
Bodies/Conformity
Assessment Bodies • Calibration
Laboratories
• Accreditation
Bodies

Bureau of Indian Standards 9

Bureau of Indian Standards 10
Conformity Marks & Labelling

• Certification mark - indicate that a product/service possess certain

characteristics or meet certain qualifications or standards

• Label - printed information on a product for recognition and provides

detailed information about the product

Bureau of Indian Standards 11

What do these represent?

ISO 7010

IEC 60417 IEC 60617

Bureau of Indian Standards 12

and these?
• IS 16333 (Part 3)

• IS 5

• IS 16066

• IS 9873
(Parts 1-4, 7 & 9)

• IS 1293

Bureau of Indian Standards 13

Standards are everywhere
• In units of measurement

• Layout of computer keyboard

• Size of clothing

• Paper formats

• Vehicle safety norms & test procedures

• Communication protocols
Bureau of Indian Standards 14
 Standards go unnoticed

• Standards usually go unnoticed

• Importance felt when any problem arises

• Lack of standards can have severe consequences

- from mere frustration to loss of life & property

Bureau of Indian Standards 15

Standards in our daily
lives

Bureau of Indian Standards 16

Source: BSI website
Standards in our daily lives
Standards supporting mobility

Bureau of Indian Standards 17

Source: BSI website
Bureau of Indian Standards 18
What is a Standard?

• The rules or agreed way of doing, thinking about or

managing something. It could be about a product,
managing a process, delivering a service or supplying
materials

• Agreement developed by several people/parties with

the intent that all parties comply

• A combined wisdom of people with expertise in their

subject matter & who know the needs of the concerned
interests

Bureau of Indian Standards 19

Definition of Standard (ISO Guide 2)

A Standard is a document, established by consensus and approved

by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use,
rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results,
aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given
context.

Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, and
aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits.

Bureau of Indian Standards 20

 Brief history of standardization

• Prehistoric standardization – more of an unconscious activity

in ancient civilizations.

• Town planning of Indus Valley Civilization

• Egyptian calendar

• Early evidence in 12th Century – 'ell' as standard unit of

length in England by a decree.

• Later part of 18th Century – Industrial Revolution &

emergence as an engineering activity - cotton gin, guns,
screw threads, rails, etc.

• 19th Century – standardization recognized as a tool to

increase productivity & for mass production.

• Early 20th Century – Establishment of several standards

bodies Bureau of Indian Standards 21
Why are standards important?
Standards contain information, that:
• indicate product safety
• clarify health risks, environmental risks, etc
• increase transparency in the market
• create compatibility
• create a level playing field
• reduce information search costs
• reduce production costs
• are necessary for diffusion of technologies
Bureau of Indian Standards 22
Why Do We Need Standards?

• To define & raise level of quality, safety & health and protect environment
• To facilitate transfer of technology
• To disseminate good management and business practices
• To assess and demonstrate conformity
• To provide market access for products and services
• To provide consumer choice
• To support Government policies and legislation
• To build relations between economic players

Bureau of Indian Standards 23

What do we aim at?
 variety control
 compatibility
 Interchangeability
 Functional
 Dimensional
 protection of health
 safety
 protection of the environment
 product protection
Bureau of Indian Standards 24
Why is it important to consumer ?

Provides voluntary guidelines/rules that help to ensure

• safer, healthier, more environmentally sound
products & services
• products with improved quality and reliability
• better operational compatibility between products &
greater consistency in delivery
• improved choice & access to goods & services

Bureau of Indian Standards 25

 Why is it important to industry?

• Standards are change agent, a strategic tool to influence market

• Standards help to enhance quality of products and efficiency of
processes
• Standards efficiently reduce the variety of goods & services to an
optimal level for minimizing cost
• Standards facilitate interoperability of products & processes
• Standards efficiently make available technical information and for
exchange of information
• Help in market access and facilitate trade

Bureau of Indian Standards 26

Why is it important to Government

• Standards are often vehicle for

implementation of polices & programmes

• Standards facilitate trade

• Contributes to overall economy of the

nation

Bureau of Indian Standards 27

Who makes standards ?
The different levels of standards

• Individual
• Company
• Association / Industry
• National
• Regional
• International
• Consortia

Bureau of Indian Standards 28

Types of standards

• Basic standards
• Product Standard
• Method of tests
• Code of practices, Recommendations, Guidelines
• Terminology, Symbols
• Sampling & inspection
• Systems Standard
• Service Standard

Bureau of Indian Standards 29

Stakeholders in national standards development –
The Standards Eco-System
Technologists/
Professionals/
Experts

Industry & Business Government &

(including their associations) Regulators

National
Standards
development
Consumers,
Consumer Bodies R&D /Academia
& NGOs

Other SDOs Testing Laboratories

Bureau of Indian Standards 30
How do we decide ….. Building Consensus

Standards are prepared by a consultative process and are

consensus based documents

Consensus is a general agreement, characterized by the

absence of sustained opposition to substantial issues by
any important part of the concerned interests and by a
process that involves seeking to take into account the
views of all parties concerned and to reconcile any
conflicting arguments.

Note – Consensus need not imply unanimity.

(ISO Guide 2) Bureau of Indian Standards 31
How are standards written?

Consensus Approach

Wide Circulation
COMMITTEE
STRUCTURE

Meetings
Manufacturers

Consumers

Technologists
Standards Development Process COMMENTS

CIRCULATION
NEW
NEW
WORK
TO
WORK WD COMMITTEE P-DRAFT
ITEM
ITEM
MEMBERS
COMMENTS
CIRCULATION
TO WC WIDE
MEETING DRAFT CIRCULATION
COMMITTEE
MEMBERS

COMMENTS MEETING F-DRAFT

STANDARD
ADOPTION BY DIVISION
COUNCIL
NATIONAL
NATIONAL
STANDARD
STANDARD
33
Are standards binding / enforceable?
The voluntary nature of standards

• Standards by definition are voluntary:

Document approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated
use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products or related processes and
production methods, with which compliance is not mandatory. (from WTO-TBT Agreement)

• A standard becomes binding or mandatory when referred in a technical

regulation or government order or when stipulated in a contract
between parties
Bureau of Indian Standards 34
Standards should be …….

• Needed

• Timely

• Current

• Acceptable

• Implementable

Bureau of Indian Standards 35

Thank You

Bureau of Indian Standards 36