SESSION 3:

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

COMM 192 Management & Organizational Behaviour

 Agenda
2

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 Definition
3

 Organizational structure “formally dictates how jobs

and tasks are divided and coordinated between
individuals and groups within the company”
 Can get a feel through organizational chart

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 Simple structures

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BUREAUCRATIC
STRUCTURES

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 functional structure
6

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 Product structure
7

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 Geographic structure
8

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 Client based structure
9

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 Matrix structures
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允许组织根据员工的经验和技能组建非常灵活的团队。
这种灵活性使组织能够比传统的官僚结构更快地适应环境。

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 Elements of Org Structure
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 Work specialization 工作专业化

 Chain of command 指挥系统
 Span of control 控制范围
 Centralization 集中化
 Formalization 正规化

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 Work Specialization
12

 “The degree to which tasks in an organization are

divided into separate jobs”
" 一个组织中的任务被划分为不同工作的程度 "
 e.g., assembly lines (pin making – Adam Smith)
 high specialization: efficiency vs. happiness

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 Chain of Command
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 Span of Control
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 Centralization
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 Varying degrees of Production

Information
Systems
Sales

centralization in
Upper Mgt Upper Mgt Upper Mgt
different areas of
the company
 E.g., sales Middle Mgt Middle Mgt Middle Mgt

decentralized; info
systems centralized Supervisory Supervisory Supervisory

Front line Front line Front line

= locus of decision making authority

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 Formalization
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 “The degree to which rules and procedures are used to

standardize behaviours and decisions in an organization”
 “ 规则和程序，规范组织内行为和决策 " 。
 Cannot always see it in an organizational chart
 Negative? But allows for a standardized product or
service, e.g., McDonald’s

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 Determinants
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 Business environment
 Company strategy
 Technology
 Company size

REMEMBER:
There is NO one best structure
for all organizations!

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