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PAPER
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PAPER ONE
Paper 1:
Ensure you know the following basic language terms and rules:
o Parts of Speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.)
o Pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, etc.)
o Concord and Tenses
o Active and Passive
o Fact and Opinion
o Direct (Reported)/Indirect Speech
o Question forms (NB: tag questions!)
o Negative forms
o Prepositions and Conjunctions (how to join two sentences into one)
o Homophones, Homonyms and Homographs
o Antonyms and Synonyms
o Clauses and Phrases
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PAPER ONE
Paper 1:
o Spelling Rules and Punctuation
o Sentences Structure (complex, simple and compound)
o Parts of a Sentence (subject, verb, and object)
o Parts of a Word (root words, prefixes, and suffixes)
o Degrees of comparison
o Bias, Prejudice and Stereotypes
o Irony, Sarcasm and Ambiguity
o Pun and Satire
o Rhetorical Devices (apostrophe, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox, etc.)
o Acronyms, Abbreviations and Initialisms
o Emotive Language
o Jargon, Idiomatic Expressions and Proverbs
Note there are many more language terms which are not mentioned here but are
important when studying for this paper.
COMPREHENSION
The COMPREHENSION QUESTION in the exam has two parts
– a Text A and a Text B.
Text A is the written extract/text/passage of between 700-800
words.
Text B is a visual text. It includes a picture, for example, a
photograph/drawing/cartoon. It may or may not include some
words linked to the picture.
• .
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PAPER ONE
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PAPER ONE
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PAPER ONE
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SUMMARY:
• You need 7 points related to the TOPIC.
• Write your response as a fluent, concise paragraph.
• Make a few changes to the sentences provided in the
summary.
• Write your final summary.
• Avoid the repetition of points.
• Ensure you word count is accurate at the end of your
summary.
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SUMMARY:
• After every paragraph, read the question
again to ensure you are answering the
question with relevant points.
• Highlight/underline relevant points before
sifting out the 7 points.
• Ensure your points have a different focus – do
not repeat points – this can happen in a
passage.
• Write out in full sentences.
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SLOGANS
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LOGOS
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EXAMINATION - POETRY:
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EXAMINATION - POETRY:
NOVEMBER 2022
UNSEEN POEM
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EXAMINATION - POETRY:
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EXAMINATION - POETRY:
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EXAMINATION - NOVELS:
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EXAMINATION - NOVELS:
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EXAMINATION - NOVEL:
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EXAMINATION - DRAMAS:
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LITERARY ESSAYS
The essay usually deals with an
issue/plot/characterisation/symbols or themes and
demands a thorough understanding of the text.
This may request judgement/justification or to assess
the validity of the statement provided. At this point you
must be aware that the points given should always be
substantiated with accurate references from the text.
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LITERARY ESSAYS
• Read the topic and understand the statement and the question.
• Ensure when you plan before you start writing – when planning you will be
able to assess if you are able to sustain a literary essay of 400-450.
• Avoid repeating ideas.
• Ensure all points are accurate from the text.
• Ensure you answer according to the chronological order of the text
• Ensure you use words you are able to spell correctly.
• Pay attention to language structure. Ideally use short sentences if you are not
a strong writer.
• Introduction and conclusion is important.
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
6 STEPS FOR CHOOSING AN ESSAY TOPIC:
Step 1 - Choose a topic that appeals to you
Step 2 - Figure out an intriguing way to present your essay, e.g. using a
literary device to demonstrate your creativity
Step 3 - Plan your essay using any form of planning
Step 4 - Write your essay with your audience in mind
oThe introduction should work just as an intriguing story--with an opening
sentence that reels in the reader and makes him want to know more.
Step 5 - Finish you essay with a good conclusion.
Step 6 - Edit your writing thoroughly multiple times. Run through the plot line
in your head. Does it make sense? Is it relatively easy to follow?
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
ESSAYS
Ensure you use figurative language in your essays:
use adjectives to describe things and situations (an
empty hall/overcrowded hall),
use personification (the window stared at me in silence),
use metaphors (drowning in a sea of grief),
use similes (the sun looked like a bright orange),
use hyperboles (my feet were killing me),
use onomatopoeias (the pitter patter of rain drops on my
roof),
use degrees of comparison (this was my worst challenge
yet),
use collective nouns (I was chased by a swarm of bees),
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use simple sentences.
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
ESSAYS
Plan your essay well – ideas must follow, paragraphs must contain
at least one main idea, do not repeat ideas, ensure there is a
captivating introduction and a satisfying conclusion, ensure you
keep your reader interested.
Edit and proofread your essay – read your essay at least twice
– correct language errors and spelling errors. Strike off incorrect
words or phrases. Do not use words you cannot spell or
phrases/words you do not understand.
Ensure you indicate/label your final essay for the markers –
strike off the draft version of your essay.
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING
Study the formats of all longer transactional texts (180-200 words):
o Letters (friendly, request, complaint, application, business, thanks,
congratulations, sympathy, formal and informal letter to the press),
o Curriculum Vitae and Covering Letter,
o Obituary,
o Agenda and Minutes of meeting,
o Formal Report and Informal Report,
o Book Review and Film Review,
o Newspaper Article and Magazine Article,
o Formal Speech and Informal Speech,
o E-mail,
o Dialogue and written interview.
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – LETTER OF COMPLIANT
Always check the following when completing a letter of
complaint
Sender’s Address
Date of the letter (immediately beneath the address)
Intended recipient’s Address
Salutations
Paragraph 1 - Reason for the letter
Paragraph 2 - Possible causes/ consequences due to the issue
Paragraph 3 - Possible resolutions to the issue
Salutation (including the signature, surname and initials of the sender)
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING - SPEECH
A speech is a written account of an oral address with a specific purpose in mind. The
purpose will be determined by the topic.
When you write a speech, think about the following before you start and adapt accordingly:
What style to use (serious, humorous, etc.?) - audience
Purpose of the occasion
The sign of a good speech is capturing and holding the attention of the audience.
Must be in paragraph form
The tone might be formal/informal depending on the audience
Opening/ greeting - Keep it brief and simple
Outline the subject of the speech
Highlight three or four key ideas and discuss each in a paragraph.
Conclusion - logical and appropriate closure to the speech
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – DIALOGUE/INTERVIEW
A dialogue is a conversation between two or more people. It is a record of
the exchanges as they occur, directly from the speaker’s point of view.
An interview is similar to a dialogue. The major difference is that the one
speaker probes the other by asking questions.
When writing a dialogue/interview:
owrite the names of the characters on the left side of the
page; ouse a colon after the name of the character who is
speaking; ouse a new line to indicate each new speaker;
oadvice to characters (or readers) on how to speak or present the action
must be given in brackets before the words are spoken;
osketch a scenario before you start writing.
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – REVIEW
A review is an individual’s response to a work of art, film, book, occasion, etc.
When writing a review the following must be included:
othe title of the movie/book
othe author/ director/producer/publisher
A review must contain a brief discussion of:
othe setting
ocharacterization
ostylistic effects
ostyle of writing/genre
oa judgement and
recommendation
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – ARTICLES
A magazine or newspaper article is written to inform, persuade
and entertain. The style and tone of an article written for a school
magazine will differ from an article written for a local newspaper or
magazine.
When called to write a newspaper/magazine article, the reporter
should state facts briefly but accurately.
The article must not be long-winded, including unnecessary detail.
The reporter must strive to communicate the essence without
losing the reader.
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – OBITUARY
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – OBITUARY
The aspects below MUST be included:
full name of the deceased
date of birth, date of death
where person was living at time of death
birthplace
key survivors and their names
time date place of funeral
a tribute
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – OBITUARY
Some of the following MAY be included:
cause of death
biographical information
Style and tone
formal tone
concise
euphemisms may be used, e.g. passed away instead of
died
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – E-MAIL
Include 2 addresses – To and From
Subject line. Be specific, but concise. Many experts agree that the ideal subject line is
six to ten words long.
Salutation. Address the recipient by name, if possible. Use honorifics (courtesy titles or
address terms. ... Commonly used honorifics in English include Mr., Mrs., Ms.,
Captain, Coach, Professor, Reverend), as appropriate.
Body text. This section explains the main message of the email. For a formal email, use
proper grammar and complete sentences. Also, ensure your tone and register are
also formal.
Signature. Your email closing should be formal as well. Use your first and last name. If
you’re writing on behalf of an organization and you know the title of the person
you’re sending the email to, use it.
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – E-MAIL
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
TRANSACTIONAL WRITING – E-MAIL
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EXAMINATION - PAPER 3
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REMEMBER!!!
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