GLANDS

Glands
EXOCRINE

ENDOCRINE
 Exocrine gland

Exocrine gland release their secretion with

the help of ducks for example salivary glands
sacred saliva and the mouth similarly the
digestive plant secrete digestive juices in the
digestive tract.
 Endocrine glands
Endocrine gland do not have ducts to
release their secretions where they are
needed.

They release hormones directly into the

blood stream pituitary gland, thyroid
gland ,adrenal gland, pancreas are
endocrine gland.
 HORMONE

• The physical mental intellectual and emotional

changes which occur at adolescence are controlled
by hormones.

• Hormones are chemical substance which coordinate

the activities of all living organism and their growth.
 Let us know how these endocrine system
functions

•Endocrine gland release hormone directly into

blood stream.
•Hormones are chemical messengers that carry
information and instruction .
•Hormones are transported by the blood.
•A hormone reaches a specific body part, such
as an organ, where message is to be sent . Such
a body part is called the target site. The target
site responds to the hormone.
 Endocrine gland

Pituitary gland
thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
 Pituitary gland
ANATOMY & TERMS
• Hypothalamus- is the area in the brain that is
structurally and functionally connected to the
pituitary gland.
• Pituitary gland - is also called the hypophysis. It
arises from two different tissue sources:
posterior pituitary .
• nervous tissue (neurohypophysis) and anterior
pituitary is glandular (adenohypophysis).
 Pituitary gland
Posterior pituitary – is the neural portion
derived from an extension of the
hypothalamus (median eminence)which
remains connected throughout life by a
stalk, called the infundibulum .
Anterior pituitary – is the glandular portion
derived from the mouth epithelium
(Rathke’s pouch) . It forms a cuff (pars
tuberalis) around the infundibulum
Pituitary gland located at the base of the brain it
is growth hormone main functions and
deficiency diseases of pituitary glands controls
the over all development of growth of the body
development of muscles and bones.

DWARFISM:
Less secretion hyposecretion of growth
hormone making a person very short Dwarf .

Gigantism:
Excessive secretion hypersecretion of growth
hormone making a person very tall.
 THYROID GLAND
Thyroid gland is located in neck region below Larynx hormone
secreted by thyroid gland is thyroxine. This gland stimulate the
rate of cellular oxidation of carbohydrates proteins and fats.

GOITRE:Iodine is necessary for the formation of thyroxin

hormone the deficiency of Iodine in the diet of a person
produces less thyroxin hormone and causes a disease known
as Goitre.
 ADRENAL GLAND

Adrenal glands are located in top of each

kidney in triangle shape the two types of
hormone secreted in adrenal are:
1.ADRENALINE
2. ALDOSTERONE
ADRENALINE:

It Controls emotions like fear and anger

regulates blood pressure and Heartbeat.

ALDOSTERONE:

Regulates mineral balance in the body

hyposecretion causes Addison disease.
 PANCREAS
• Pancreas is located below the stomach the
two hormone secreted are:

• INSULIN

• GULCAGON
INSULIN: Lower the blood sugar level

• Diabetes when pancreas does not produse or

secrete less amount of insulin the sugar level in
blood increases causing a disease called diabetes. It
causes many harmful effects in humans being .

GLUCAGON: converts stored glycogen into glucose

thus increases the blood sugar level.
ROLE OF HORMONES
IN COMPLRTING THE
LIFE CYCLE OF INSECTS
AND FROGS
• The transformation of the larva into an adult
through drastic changes is called
metamorphosis . Metamorphosis in insects is
controlled by hormones.

• The metamorphosis in frog is controlled by

thyroxin hormone.