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Lavanya s r
1st Year Msc.MIT
KMIO, Bangalore
CT IMAGE QUALITY
Image quality refers to the visibility of diagnostically
important structures in the CT image .CT image
quality is influenced by mainly technical parameters.
1. Spatial Resolution.
2. Image contrast.
3. Temporal resolution.
4. Image noise.
Resolution
Resolution is a term used to describe the ability to
differentiate between structures.
In diagnostic imaging, resolution refers to the number
of pixels in an image.
A high- resolution image has more pixels which
millimeters(lp/mm).
Factors Affecting Spatial Resolution
Focal spot – Smaller focal spots give a higher resolutions. Thus , the
Spatial Resolution improves.
Detectors size – if the width of the detector is small, it gives a
higher resolutions. Thus, spatial resolution improves.
Slice thickness – thinner slices produce sharper images. If the slice
is thinner , it gives a higher resolution. Thus spatial resolution
improves.
FOV – smaller FOV gives a finer resolution.
Pixel size – smaller pixel sizes gives a finer resolutions .
Contrast Resolutions
It is the ability of the CT scanner to display the object with
considerably different in density from surrounding objects.
Ct contrast is the difference in the HU values between tissues.
in milliseconds.
In cardiac CT the temporal resolutions of 3 second
resolution
Noise
Noise is defined as the grainy appearance of cross-
sectional imaging.
Noise decreases in the picture quality and reduces the
contrast resolutions.
Noise is caused by a low photon count in an image
Noise is measured by the signal to noise ratio(SNR).
Signal to noise ratio (SNR)
The number of x-ray photons detected per pixel is also often
referred to signal to noise ratio (SNR).
The higher the ratio, the less noise is present in the image. The noise
is caused by many factors; the most common is quantum mottle.
Appearance Cause
Streaks o Improper sampling of data, partial volume
averaging, patient motion, metal, beam
hardening , noise, spiral/helical scanning,
mechanical failure.
Rings and
o Bad detector channels in third –generation
CT scanners.
bands
Common artifacts and correction
Patient Motion Artifacts
Patient motion can be voluntary or involuntary.
shaped streaks.
Corrections
Increasing the kvp .
metal artifacts.
Beam-hardening artifacts
Beam hardening refers to an increase in the mean
energy of x-ray beam as it passes through the
patient.
The radiation beams have different path lengths
through the object.
This artifacts are corrected by performance of a
polynomial mapping of the measured projections
before the reconstruction.
Calibration correction also reduce beam hardening
artifacts.
Partial volume artifacts