Geography

The changing industrial structure of

India
Part 2

Mr Foster
Geography

The changing industrial structure of

India
Part 2

Mr Foster
India’s industrial structure

3
1980 to 2010

India has seen a significant drop

in the number of people
employed in the primary sector.
The majority of work here is in
agriculture.

Credit: Mr Foster

4
1980 to 2010

The secondary sector has grown

in India because of:
1. A move towards industrial
development.
2. Increased foreign direct
investment from TNCs such as
Unilever.
3. The growth of Indian TNCs
such as Tata Steel.

Credit: Mr Foster

5
1980 to 2010

Improved incomes in India have

led to more tertiary and
quaternary sector
employment.

Credit: Mr Foster

6
Primary industry in India

7
 Agriculture remains the dominant
primary industry in India.

Traditionally, farming employed

most people in India. Farmers were
growing food for their own
families, with very small profits.

Credit: Wikimedia Commons - Rajarshi MITRA- Agriculture and rural farms of India

8
 Today, primary industries employ
around 40% of the working
population.

Mechanisation of agriculture is a
large reason why the number of
people employed in this sector is in
decline.
Credit: PXFuel - Person riding tractor

9
 Although this sector still employs
many people today, it only
contributes 15% of India’s
economy.

This is due to the low value of

primary products.

Credit: Pikist - India fruit market

10
 Pause the video to complete your task
Task: Are the following statements true or false? (3 marks)

Over half of India’s population work in agriculture True False

Products from agriculture are low value True False

An increase in mechanisation is causing a reduction in

True False
people employed in farming
Did you get?

Over half of India’s population work in agriculture True False

Products from agriculture are low value True False

An increase in mechanisation is causing a reduction in

True False
people employed in farming

12
Secondary industry in India

13
 In 1999, secondary industry only
employed 16% of the workforce.
By 2018 this had grown to 24%
and continues to rise.

This figure is growing because as

people leave farming they move to
urban areas where they can access
secondary jobs.
Credit: Wallpaperflare - Visakhapatnam, Vizag steel plant

14
 Today, this industry is growing
rapidly and India is a major
exporter of manufactured goods
all over the world.

This has increased India’s GNI

per capita and led to higher
wages and a better quality of life
in the country.
Credit: Wikimedia Commons - Eutrophication&hypoxia - Cargo dock at Mumbai Port

15
Why the growth of secondary industry has
been good for India

16
The growth of manufacturing has encouraged economic development
in India because it provides people with more reliable jobs than primary
industries.

Manufacturing growth creates a positive multiplier effect as workers

have more income to spend in local businesses. These businesses pay
taxes, which means the government has more money to invest in
development.

17
 Pause the video to complete your task
Task: Read the text and identify 3 reasons for the increase in numbers
employed in manufacturing in India. (3 marks)

Sixty-five-year old Randheer Singh sold his family’s 5 acres of

farmland 10 years ago. "We were hardly producing enough crops even
for our own use. It was a waste of time. The family were losing money
every year. Now, my sons work in factories in Mumbai. There is more
money in it because of these large companies, and the work is steady
year on year" said Singh. “I don’t think it is worth people working in
farming anymore”.

Credit: Mr Foster
Did you get?

Sixty-five-year old Randheer Singh sold his family’s 5 acres of

farmland 10 years ago. "We were hardly producing enough crops
even for our own use. It was a waste of time. The family were losing
money every year. Now, my sons work in factories in Mumbai. There
is more money in it because of these large companies, and the work
is steady year on year" said Singh. “I don’t think it is worth people
working in farming anymore”.

Credit: Mr Foster

19
Tertiary and quaternary industry
in India

20
In the past, these industries were not common in India and employed
very few people.

As India’s economy has grown, India’s population have had an

increasing amount of disposable income.

This, combined with the development of infrastructure and the growth

in public services such as education and healthcare has meant that
there has been an increase in the number of tertiary and quaternary
workers.

21
 These industries now employ around
34% of the workforce.

These sectors also now generate

62% of the wealth in India’s
economy which is more than
primary and secondary sectors
combined.
Credit: Flickr - barracuadz - Indian Call Centre

22
Improved education is the only factor causing the growth of India’s
tertiary and quaternary sectors

Option 1 Option 2
True False

✔
23
The tertiary and quaternary sectors are the biggest contributors to
India’s economy

Option 1 Option 2
True False

✔
24
Modelling how to develop points in an answer

Explain one reason why a large primary industrial sector limits economic
development in India. (2 marks)

Model answer:
Farming is unreliable and does not provide a secure income. (1) This means that
when weather conditions are poor, income for farmers will be low (1). As a result the
government has reduced tax income to invest in developing the country (1).
Pause the video to complete your task

Main task:
1. Explain two reasons why growth in
secondary industries is encouraging
economic development in India. (4
marks)
Success criteria:
1. Identify a benefit of the
growth of manufacturing.
2. Explain how this has led to
economic development in
India.
Did you get?
1. Explain two reasons why growth in secondary industries is encouraging economic
development in India. (4 marks)
Growth in manufacturing has led to improved incomes for factory workers in India
(1). This has led to a multiplier effect where money spent by factory workers is spent
again by business owners (1), which means there is more money in local economies (1).

Secondly, increased manufacturing companies has meant more tax income for the
government (1). As a result, the Indian government can invest more in education (1),
meaning a more educated and productive workforce in the future (1).

27
Geography

The changing industrial structure of

India
Part 2

Mr Foster