Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Deskripsi Deskripsi

Sensor Actuator

Sensor ECU mesin Actuator

Sensor Actuator

ECU mesin

EFI ESA ISC

Fungsi lain

Fail-safe
Diagnosis & backup Fungsi lain

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Rangkaian Daya

1.Kontrol oleh ignition switch

2.Kontrol oleh ECU mesin

ECU mesin
EFI BATT

Ignition +B
switch
+B1*

relay E1
utama
EFI

Hanya beberapa
model

(1/3)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Rangkaian Daya

1.Kontrol oleh ignition switch

ECU mesin
EFI BATT

Ignition +B
switch
+B1*

E1
relay utama EFI

* Some models only

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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Rangkaian Daya

2.Kontrol oleh mesin ECU

Ignition
ECU mesin
switch
IGSW

EFI BATT

+B
M-REL
A/F HTR relay
E1
EFI
main relay Key
unlock
warning
switch

rasio udara-bahan
bakar sensors

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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Rangkaian Ground

1.Ground untuk operasi ECU

mesin (E1)
2.Ground-ground sensor (E2, E21)
3.Ground-ground untuk operasi ECU mesin
aktuator (E01, E02) Sensors

Actuators
E2 +B

E21
+B
E1
E01

E02

Air intake chamber

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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU
BATT
Constant-voltage
+B circuit

sensor posisi
throttle 5V 5V
VC

0-5V
Microprocessor

E2
E1

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU
BATT
Constant-voltage
+B circuit

sensor posisi
throttle 5V 5V
VC

0-5V
Microprocessor

E2
E1

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Tegangan Terminal Sensor

2. Using a
thermistor (THW,
THA)
ECU

5V Constant-voltage
circuit

R
A
Microprocessor

Sensor
(Thermistor)

E2

E1

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU

5V Constant-voltage
circuit

Sensors
(Transistor (Switch
used) diguna
kan) Microprocessor

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU

Switch
lampu stop
Microprocessor

Stop lamp

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU

Microprocessor

Pickup coil

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Meteran Aliran Udara

Meteran massa
aliran udara:
Tipe Hot-wire Hot-wire type Vane type
Meteran volume ke Air
aliran udara: intake
chamber
Tipe vane dan tipe
karman vorteks
optis to Air intake
chamber

Dari Air cleaner Dari Air cleaner

Optical Karman vortex type

ke Air
Dari Air cleaner Karman intake
Air flow vortexes chamber

REFERENCE:
Vane Type (1/5)

REFERENCE:
Optical Karman vortex type
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Meteran Aliran Udara

1.Tipe Hot-wire

Intake air
temp. sensor
Thermistor Air flow

Platinum hot-wire

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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Meteran Aliran Udara

arus

Intake air

dingi
n

Hot-wire (heater)*

*temperatur konstan

5V
Output voltage (VG)

0 Intake air mass (g/sec.)

(3/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Meteran Aliran Udara

meteran ECU mesin

aliran udara

Operation
amplifier
Ra
(thermistor) Rh (hot-wire;heater)

Air VG

R3

A B

VG
R2 R1

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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Meteran Aliran Udara

meteran ECU mesin

aliran udara

Operation
amplifier
Ra
(thermistor) Rh (hot-wire;heater)

Air VG

R3

A B

VG
R2 R1

Hot-wire (Rh) temp.

20C+ T
0C+ T
V V Intake air temp.
20C+
0C+

(5/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Manifold Pressure Sensor (Vacuum

Sensor)

Vacuum chamber
Silicon chip Manifold
pressure sensor ECU mesin
VC
5V
PIM R
E2
E1

Filter to Intake manifold

Silicon chip
Intake manifold pressure

(V)
4
Output voltage (PIM)

0 20 60 100 kPa
(760) (610) (310) (10) (mmHg
Intake manifold pressure [Vacuum])
(tekanan absolut)

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Posisi Throttle

Throttle body

sensor
posisi
throttle

Linear type Tipe Hall element

Hall IC
Magnets

REFERENCE:
On-off Type (1/3)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Posisi Throttle

1.Linear type
Slider (contact
for IDL signal)
Closed
E2
IDL
VTA
VC
Open ECU mesin
sensor posisi
Resistor throttle
VC
Slider (contact 5V
(Open) VTA
for VTA signal)
IDL
+B
E2
(Closed) E1

to other ECU (s)

5 12
Output voltage (V)

Output voltage (V)

5 5
IDL output

VTA2

ut
outp
A
VT VTA1

Idling Terbuka Tertutup Terbuka

Closed Throttle penuh
Open Closed
penuh Open
Throttle penuh
valve valve

(2/3)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Posisi Throttle

2.Tipe Hall element

Throttle valve

Magnets
Hall IC
(untuk sensor posisi
throttle) Throttle shaft

sensor posisi
throttle ECU Output
Magnet mesin voltage (V)
5
VTA1 VTA2
Hall E
C
Hall VC 5V
VTA1
C
VTA2
0
Magnet Throttle valve Throttle valve
tertutup penuh Terbuka
penuh
Sudut bukaan Throttle valve

(3/3)

REFERENCE:
Hall Effect
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Posisi Pedal Gas

1.Linear type

Sensor Sensor
Sensor Posisi Pedal operational operational
Gas range Tertutup range
Terbuka
penuh Jangkauan
Jangkauan penuh
operasional operasional
Pedal Pedal

Tertutup Terbuka
penuh penuh

EP2 VPA2 VCP2 EP1 VPA VCP1

5V

Output voltage
VPA2

VPA

0 Tertut Terbu
up ka
pedal gas depressed angle
penuh penu
h

(1/2)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Posisi Pedal Gas

2. Tipe Hall element

Magnet

Hall IC pedal gas arm

Sensor Posisi
Pedal Gas
V
Magnet
VPA 5

Output voltage
EPA VPA2
Hall VCPA
C Engine
VPA2 ECU VPA
Hall
C EPA2 0
VCP2 Tertut Terbu
up ka
Magnet penuh
Sudut penekanan pedal gas penu
h

(2/2)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Generator Sinyal G dan NE

sensor posisi camshaft

Crankshaft position sensor

Crankshaft position sensor sensor posisi camshaft

REFERENCE:
In-distributor Type (1/3)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Generator Sinyal G dan NE

1.sensor posisi camshaft

(Generator sinyal G)
ECU mesin
G22
G G22
NE
NE NE

E1

720CA

G signal

360CA

NE signal
10CA 30CA

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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System
Generator Sinyal G dan NE
Sensor dan Sinyal

2. Sensor posisi crankshaft

(generator sinyal NE)

ECU mesin
G22
G G22
NE
NE NE

E1

720CA

G signal

360CA

NE signal
10CA 30CA

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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Suhu Air/ Sensor Suhu Intake

Udara

sensor temperatur air sensor temperatur intake air

Thermistor Intake air

temp. sensor
40
20
Air flow
10
8
6
Resistance (k)

4 ECU mesin
2 THW
1 (THA) 5V
0.8
0.6 THW E2
0.4 E2
(THA) E1
0.2

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

(-4) (32) (68) (104)(140) (176)(212) (248)
sensor temperatur air
Temperatur C(F) (sensor temperatur intake air)

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Suhu Air/ Sensor Suhu Intake

Udara

sensor temperatur air sensor temperatur intake air

Thermistor Intake air

temp. sensor
40
20
Air flow
10
8
6
Resistance (k)

4 ECU mesin
2 THW
1 (THA) 5V
0.8
0.6 THW E2
0.4 E2
(THA) E1
0.2

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

(-4) (32) (68) (104)(140) (176)(212) (248)
sensor temperatur air
Temperatur C(F) (sensor temperatur intake air)

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Suhu Air/ Sensor Suhu Intake

Udara

sensor temperatur air sensor temperatur intake air

Thermistor Intake air

temp. sensor
40
20
Air flow
10
8
6
Resistance (k)

4 ECU mesin
2 THW
1 (THA) 5V
0.8
0.6 THW E2
0.4 E2
(THA) E1
0.2

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

(-4) (32) (68) (104)(140) (176)(212) (248)
sensor temperatur air
Temperatur C(F) (sensor temperatur intake air)

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Oksigen (Sensor O2)

udara
ambien
Flange

Platinum
Zirconia element
Platinum

Exhaust gas
Lapisan
pelindung
rasio uadara-bahan ECU
1 bakar teoritikal
0.45V 5V
Output voltage (V)

Tak ada Bnyak OX

udara ke udara ke
dalam gas dalam gas sensor R
buangan buangan oksigen

E1
0
Lebih Lebih
kaya sedikit
rasio udara-
bahan bakar (1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Rasio Udara-Bahan bakar (A/F)

(V) sensor rasio udara- (V) ECU mesin

4.2 bahan bakar 1
AF

A/F sensor data

3.3V

sensor output
sensor

Oxygen
sensor
oksigen
rasio
udara-
bahan 3.0V
2.2 0.1 AF
11 14.7 19 bakar
rasio udara-bahan
bakar
Output characteristics
High
(rich)
OX sensor
output
Rendah
(sedikit) akselerasi deselerasi
Tinggi keras keras
(sedikit)
A/F sensor
data
Lebih
rendah
(kaya)

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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Kecepatan Kendaraan

1.MRE type

Transmission
output shaft

Driven gear
sensor
kecepatan

HIC (dengan built-in

MRE)

Magnetic rings

REFERENCE:
Other Type Speed Sensors (1/2)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Kecepatan Kendaraan

sensor kecepatan Constant voltage circuit

+B
20-Pole type

1
Magnetic 2 MRE 4 keCombinati
ting on meter
3
Comparator

Magnetic ring (rotating) N S S

2
MRE output
4
1
Comparator output 0
12V
sensor kecepatanoutput
0V

Output voltage type Variable resistance type

Combination ECU
sensor ECU sensor
meter
kecep 5V kecepa 5V
atan
5V tan
or 12V SPD SPD

ke ECU ke ECU
lain lain

(2/2)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Ketukan (Knock Sensor)

High
Knock sensor

keECU mesin

Voltage
Rend Frekwensi Tinggi
ah
Diaphragm

Piezoelectric KNK signal waveforms

0.5V/Division
element ECU mesin

dengan Open/short 5V
circuit detection type
KNK1 0V or 2.5V

EKNK

5 msec./Division
Piezoelectric Resistor 2.5V: dengan Open/short circuit detection
element type.
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Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sinyal STA (Starter)/Sinyal NSW (Neutral

Start Switch)

rangkaian listrik sinyal

Ignition (M/T) ECU mesin
STA
switch
STA
ST
Neutral
start M
switch E1
(A/T) Starter

ECU mesin

rangkaian listrik sinyal NSW +B

NSW
Ignition
switch Neutral start switch
STA

Relay
M
bukaan Starter
rangkaia
n, dll,

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sinyal A/C (Air Conditioner) /Sinyal

Beban Listrik (Electrical Load Signal)

rangkaian listrik sinyal

A/C ECU mesin
rangkaian listrik sinyal beban listrik
A/C
ECU mesin
Taillight relay
to Taillight control
A/C switch
magnetic
clutch
defogger Taillight
Jendela
belakang SW ELS
ECU mesin
A/C defogger
amplifier
Jendela
A/C belakang
A/C
switch

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Variable Resistor

Idle mixture adjusting screw

L: Lean side

R: Rich side

Idle mixture
Connector adjusting
screw

Resistor
Connector

ECU mesin
Variable
resistor
VC 5V
Rich
VAF

Lean E2

E1

Idle mixture
adjusting screw

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sinyal Komunikasi

1. Sinyal system komunikasi TRC (Traction Control)

2.Sinyal komunikasi ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System)
3.Sinyal system komunikasi EHPS (Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering)
4.Sinyal system komunikasi cruise control
5.Sinyal kecepatan mesin
6.Sinyal sistem komunikasi engine immobiliser
7.Sinyal sudut bukaan throttle
8.Sinyal sistem komunikasi multipleks

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Lain-lain

1.Switch lampu stop/

2.Sensor suhu gas EGR /
3. Switch kontrol bahan 1. Switch lampu stop 2. Sensor suhu gas EGR
bakar dan konektor +B ECU mesin
ECU mesin
EGR Sensor suhu gas
Switch valve EGR 5V
lampu stop
THG
STP or BRK
Lamp failure
relay* E2
E1
Stop
lamps
*Some vehicle models only

3. Fuel control switch atau connector

ECU mesin
Fuel control switch
atau connector
R-P
+B

Fuel control connector

(1/4)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Lain-lain

4. Switch suhu air/

5. Clutch switch/
6. Sensor HAC (High-Altitude 4. Switch suhu air 5. Clutch switch
Compensation)
ECU mesin ECU mesin
Switch suhu air
Clutch switch
TSW N/C
+B +B

6. sensor HAC
sensor HAC ECU mesin
VC
5V
HAC

E2
E1

tekanan atmosferis
Silicon chip

(2/4)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Lain-lain

7. Sensor tekanan uap/

8. Sensor tekanan
turbocharger/ 7. Sensor tekanan uap 8. Sensor tekanan turbocharger
9. Switch tekanan oli (V) 5 5

Output voltage

Output voltage
4 4
3 3
2 tekanan 2
atmosferis
1 1
0 0
3.5 0 1.5 kPa 13 100 200 kPa
( 26) (0) ( 11) (mmHg) (100) (750) (1500) (mmHg)
tekanan tekanan turbocharging
(tekanan absolut)

9. Switch tekanan oli

Oil pressure ECU mesin

warning lamp
B
OIL

Oil pressure Switch

sender tekanan oli

(3/4)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Lain-lain

10.Kick-down switch
ECU mesin
Kick-down
switch
KD
pedal gas +B

Kick-down
switch

pedal gas Kick-down

switch

pedal gas
Item
Tertutup Terbuka Terbuka
Throttle valve
penuh penuh penuh

Kick-down
OFF OFF ON
switch

(4/4)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Terminal Diagnostik

DLC1 ECU mesin

E1

TE1 TE1
DLC3
DLC2

TE2
E1
TE1
TE2
E1
DLC1 SIL SIL
TC TC
DLC3

CG

DLC2

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Tipe Vane

Potentiometer
Potentiometer E2 VS
VC
Slider Compensation plate

Return spring Damping

Compensation
chamber ke Air intake
plate
Intake air chamber
temp. sensor
ke Air intake
chamber dariAir
cleaner Measuring plate
Idle mixture VS signal
dariAir cleaner adjusting screw VC E2
Bypass passage 5.0
Measuring plate VS E2
Voltage (V)

0
Measuring plate opening angle
(Intake air volume)

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Tipe Karman Vorteks Optik

Kaca LED Leaf spring

dari ke Air
Air Karman intake
cleaner vortexes chamber
Air flow

Pressure directing Phototransistor

Vortex aperture
generator
LED Phototransistor

Mirror

Pressure
directing
Vortex generator aperture

High
Voltage
signal
Low
Low High
Intake air volume

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Tipe On-Off

PSW
E
IDL

ECU mesin
sensor posisi
throttle
IDL +B or 5V

PSW +B or 5V

IDL On
E Off

On
Off
PSW E

Throttle valve Open

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Hall Effect

Magnetic field
(Magnetic flux density)

Output voltage

VH
(mA)

0 Kepadatan Magnetic flux

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Tipe In-distributor

G signal timing rotor

NE signal timing rotor

NE pickup coil NE pickup coil

Distributor
shaft
G signal timing
rotor

G pickup coil

1/2 turn of timing rotor

1 turn of timing rotor
180CA (crankshaft angle)
NE signal
G signal
30CA

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal Sensor Kecepatan Tipe Lain

1. Tipe reed switch /

2. Tipe photocoupler / Tipe photocoupler
3. Tipe electromagnetic Tipe reed switch to
pickup Speedometer
cable
to Speedometer cable

Magnet Read switch Slotted

wheel

LED Phototransistor
Photocoupler

Tipe electromagnetic pickup

Rotor Rotor Coil Core Speed sensor
Magnet
N S

ECU
mesin

Speed sensor Output shaft

(1/1)