Tandem Catalysis and

its Applications
Presented To: Dr. Omer
Presented By: Hajra Zafar(107)
Table of Content
01. Introduction 02. Process

03. Elements 04. Examples

05. Conclusion 06. References

 Introduction

Tandem catalysis is a chemical synthesis approach in which

numerous catalytic events take place simultaneously in a single
reaction vessel, often without isolating intermediates. This
methodology allows for the synthesis of complicated compounds
with greater efficiency, selectivity, and atom economy than standard
step-by-step procedures.
 Process of Tandem Catalysis
Tandem catalysis typically consists of two or more catalytic processes that work together to convert starting material
into desired products.

Sequential Catalysis Cascade Catalysis

Tandem catalysis frequently involves Cascade reactions are
consecutive reactions in which characterized by several
numerous catalysts acts in transformations that proceed in a
succession. For example, a metal stepwise way, with distinct
catalyst may stimulate a first catalysts assisting each step. This
transformation, after which a second allows for the creation of
catalyst, typically an organ catalyst or complex compounds from a
another metal catalyst, takes over for single starting compounds.
subsequent reactions.
 Elements of tandem catalysis
01. Sequential reactions
Tandem catalysis is the consecutive
occurrence of numerous catalytic processes
in the same reaction vessel. These reactions
may involve multiple kind (type) of
catalysts or the same catalysts performing
many functions sequentially.
Elements
02. Synergistic effects
The catalysts engaged in tandem catalysis
frequently display synergistic effects, in which
the product of one catalytic reaction act as the
substrate for the next catalytic step. This
synergism improves reaction efficiency and
yield.
03. Atom Economy
Tandem catalysis enhances atom economy by
reducing waste production while increasing
the integration of starting ingredients into the
finished production. This is especially relevant
for sustainable and environment-friendly
synthesis.
04. Efficiency & selectivity
Tandem catalysis, which integrates multiple
catalytic stages, is more efficient and
selective than typical stepwise techniques. It
enables the production of complex
compounds with fewer purification stages
and higher overall yields.
Examples
In this technique, a metathesis reaction produces an
Metathesis-Cross- intermediate, which is the cross-coupled to produce
01 Coupling Tandem the end product. This tandem sequence allows for the
production of many carbon- carbon bonds in a single
reactions.

02 Hydrogenation-
Isomerization tandem
Sequential hydrogenation and isomerization reactions
can be combined in tandem to convert unsaturated
compounds into selectively isomerized products. This
strategy is particularly useful in the synthesis of
chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.

To perform complex transformations, such as converting

03 Oxidation-
Reduction Tandem
alcohols into aldehydes and ketones, oxidation and
reduction reactions can be combined in tandem. By
incorporating both oxidation and reduction phases, this
tandem strategy reduces the need for stoichiometry oxidants
or reducing agents.
 Application of Tandem Catalysis
01
Green Chemistry
Tandem catalysis contributes to green chemistry by
minimizing the number of synthetic steps, reducing
waste, and improving overall reaction efficiency. This
aligns with the principles of atom economy and
sustainability. The reduction in the number of
synthetic steps inherently reduces waste generation,
improves atom economy, and lowers the overall
environmental footprint of chemical processes. This
aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainable and
environmentally friendly manufacturing practices.
02
Complex molecule synthesis
Tandem catalysis is valuable for synthesizing
complex organic compounds, including
natural products and pharmaceuticals. By
orchestrating multiple catalytic steps
sequentially, intricate molecular structures
can be efficiently constructed. This is
especially useful in the pharmaceutical
industry where complex drug candidates need
to be synthesized.
 Applications of Tandem Catalysis
Tandem catalysis can be used in the manufacturing of
fine compounds and intermediates to generate more
efficient routes while minimizing the number of
isolation and purification processes. By reducing the
number of isolation and purification processes, tandem
Energy efficiency
catalysis improves overall process efficiency. This is
economically adventitious since it saves time and
resources in producing high-level compounds for use
in a variety of industrial applications.

03 04
Tandem catalysis reduces energy consumption
by combining multiple catalytic steps into a
single-step process, reducing the need for
Fine Chemicals and intermediated purification and isolation. This
intermediates aligns with the goal of sustainable and
resource-efficient manufacturing.
 Applications of Tandem Catalysis
05 Tandem catalysis allows for
precise control over chemo
selectivity and stereo selectivity,
allowing for the synthesis of
Chemo-and-Stereo
specific isomers and enantiomers
selectivity in a more controlled manner.
Different catalysts can selectively
activate specific functional groups
or promote stereo-chemical
outcomes, which is crucial in
organic synthesis, especially in the
pharmaceutical industry, where
the stereochemistry of molecules
often determines their bioactivity.
06
Cascade for
natural product
synthesis
Natural products frequently have
complicated structures, making tandem
catalysis ideal for the synthesis of these
molecules. Cascade reactions can
resemble natural biosynthetic routes.
Researchers can reproduce the
complicated alternations seen during
natural product biosynthesis by
arranging sequential catalytic
processes. This biometric technique not
only aids in the synthesis of these
molecules but also sheds light on
nature-inspired synthetic strategies.
 Conclusion

In conclusion, tandem catalysis is an effective approach for

simplifying chemical synthesis, providing increased efficiency,
selectivity, and atom economy. Tandem catalysis makes is easier to
build complex molecules by combining numerous catalytic stages in
a single operation, which has important ramifications in many
domains of chemistry and industry.
 References
Biswas, A. N., Winter, L. R., Xie, Z. & Chen, J. G. Utilizing CO2 as a reactant for C3 oxygenate
production via tandem reactions. JACS Au 3, 293–305 (2023).

Tackett, B. M., Gomez, E. & Chen, J. G. Net reduction of CO2 via its thermocatalytic and
electrocatalytic transformation reactions in standard and hybrid processes. Nat. Catal. 2, 381–
386 (2019).

Overa, S., Feric, T. G., Park, A.-H. A. & Jiao, F. Tandem and hybrid processes for carbon dioxide
utilization. Joule 5, 8–13 (2021).

Zheng, W. et al. Designs of tandem catalysts and cascade catalytic systems for CO2 upgrading.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202307283 (2023).

Gioria, E. et al. Rational design of tandem catalysts using a core–shell structure approach.
Nanoscale Adv. 3, 3454–3459 (2021).