Cambridge Program

for Secondary 2 English

as a Second Language
Cambridge Program
for Secondary 2 English
as a Second Language
Starting up
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 ENCRYPTED
A. Use the code below do decipher the encrypted words.

20 6 20 25 6

9 8 21 4 25 10 9 8 6
Starting up
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 ENCRYPTED
A. Use the code below do decipher the encrypted words.

20 6 20 25 6
P A P U A
9 8 21 4 25 10 9 8 6
N E W G U I N E A
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

2 DISCUSSION
A. Look at the images and discuss the following questions
in small groups.
1. Where exactly is Papua New Guinea? Use the
following words in your answer: north, south, east,
west, in, next to.
2. What languages do you think are spoken in Papua
New Guinea?

STARTING UP
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

2 DISCUSSION
A. Look at the images and discuss the following questions
in small groups.
1. Where exactly is Papua New Guinea? Use the
following words in your answer: north, south, east,
west, in, next to.
2. What languages do you think are spoken in Papua
New Guinea?

STARTING UP
Reading
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRE-READING TASK
A. You are going to text about Papua New Guinea. What
do you know about this country? Write a list of facts
you think you know about it.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

2 READING FOR GIST

A. Read the text and see what you got right and what you
got wrong.

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

2 READING FOR GIST

A. Read the text and see what you got right and what you
got wrong.
B. What is the most surprising fact about Papua New
Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea?

Port Moresby

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

What is the population of Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

What is the population of Papua New Guinea?

Just over 7,000,000

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

What are the official languages of Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

What are the official languages of Papua New Guinea?

Tok Pisin, English and Hiri Motu

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

What is the total number of languages in Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

What is the total number of languages in Papua New Guinea?

about 800

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

Which languages are used in education?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

3 READING FOR SPECIFIC INFO

A. Read the text again and find the following information.

Which languages are used in education?

English and Tok Pisin

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

4 READING COMPREHENSION
A. Answer these questions based on information you got
from the text..
Why do you think there are so many languages in
Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

4 READING COMPREHENSION
A. Answer these questions based on information you got
from the text..
Why do you think there are so many languages in
Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part Because most communities
of the island of people. Itthere areEnglish-based
is an
New Guinea.isolated
It has a and have little
population contact
creole. withword
The each ‘tok’ comes
of just over sevenother ormillion
with the from
outside
theworld.
English word ‘talk’ and
people. The capital is Port means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
Moresby. The country became means pidgin. A pidgin
independent from Australia in language is one which is a
1975. There are about 800 mixture of two other languages,
languages in Papua New whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for this English, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

4 READING COMPREHENSION
A. Answer these questions based on information you got
from the text..

What is Tok Pisin?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

4 READING COMPREHENSION
A. Answer these questions based on information you got
from the text..

What is Tok Pisin?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of people. It is an English-based
New Guinea. It has a population creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
of just over seven million from the English word ‘talk’ and
people. The capital is Port means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
Moresby. The country became means pidgin. A pidgin
independent from Australia in language is one which is a
1975. There are about 800 mixture of two other languages,
languages in Papua New whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
It’s a creole language spoken by most people
the outside world. It’s for this English, it also includes words
in Papua New Guinea.
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

4 READING COMPREHENSION
A. Answer these questions based on information you got
from the text..
What is the difference between a first language
and an official language?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern part of the island of
New Guinea. It has a population
of just over seven million
people. The capital is Port
Moresby. The country became
independent from Australia in
1975. There are about 800
languages in Papua New
people. It is an English-based
creole. The word ‘tok’ comes
from the English word ‘talk’ and
means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
means pidgin. A pidgin
language is one which is a
mixture of two other languages,
whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for thisEnglish, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

4 READING COMPREHENSION
A. Answer these questions based on information you got
from the text..
What is the difference between a first language
and an official language?

Papua New Guinea is the Tok Pisin is spoken by most

eastern partYour
offirst
thelanguage
island ofis your native
people. It language;
is an English-based
New Guinea.anItofficial language is the
has a population language
creole. The used
word by
‘tok’ comes
of just over the government
seven million and in the
from business.
English word ‘talk’ and
people. The capital is Port means word or speech. ‘Pisin’
Moresby. The country became means pidgin. A pidgin
independent from Australia in language is one which is a
1975. There are about 800 mixture of two other languages,
languages in Papua New whereas a creole is a pidgin

READING
Guinea. That’s more languages language that has become the
than in any other country in the mother tongue of a community.
world. Papua New Guinea is a Tok Pisin started as a pidgin
land of mountains and language and became a creole
rainforests. Most communities language.
are isolated and have little Although the majority of Tok
contact with each other or with Pisin vocabulary comes from
the outside world. It’s for this English, it also includes words
reason that so many different from German, Portuguese,
languages have developed. Latin and a number of other
The official languages of Papua languages, such as Tolai and
New Guinea are Tok Pisin, Malay.
English and Hiri Motu. Tok Pisin is sometimes used in
Although English is an official the first three years of primary
language, it is only spoken as a school in Papua New Guinea,
first language by a small while English is used in
percentage of the population. secondary education.
 Tok Pisin has an interesting way of writing. It uses
natural sounds. Unlike English, Tok Pisin does not
have a difficult spelling system. Instead, words are
written as they are said. Many sounds with consonants
that are not pronounced in English are written without
those consonants in Tok Pisin.
For example: The name "Tok Pisin" itself comes from
the language, with "tok" meaning "talk" and "pisin"
meaning "pidgin".
Tok Pisin also has an absence of the "sh", "j" and "ch"
sounds. These are replaced with an "s", and the "f"
sound is replaced by the "p".
 Let’s hear what
Tok Pisin
sounds like!

Tok Pisin has an interesting way of writing. It uses

natural sounds. Unlike English, Tok Pisin does not
have a difficult spelling system. Instead, words are
written as they are said. Many sounds with consonants
that are not pronounced in English are written without
those consonants in Tok Pisin.
For example: The name "Tok Pisin" itself comes from
the language, with "tok" meaning "talk" and "pisin"
meaning "pidgin".
Tok Pisin also has an absence of the "sh", "j" and "ch"
sounds. These are replaced with an "s", and the "f"
sound is replaced by the "p".
Activity Time
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!
 How do we
play the
game?

Split up in 2 to 4 teams

Stand in line facing the

screen
Screen

Teacher’s
Desk
 Let’s have
a quick game of
Rapid-Fire!

Minibot will show

you a word in Tok
Pisin, the first
student to say
what it is wins the
round!
 Ready?
Let’s Begin!
faiv
five

Ready for the

next one?
buk
book

Ready for the

next one?
nain
nine

Ready for the

next one?
tisa
teacher

Ready for the

next one?
tri
three

Ready for the

next one?
tumora
tomorrow

Ready for the

next one?
wan
one

Ready for the

next one?
dok
dog

Ready for the

next one?
wok
work

Ready for the

next one?
foa
four

Ready for the

next one?
tete
today

Ready for the

next one?
 although, while and
whereas

Although, while and whereas are conjunctions.

They join clauses in a sentence.
Although is used to contrast two ideas.
Read these sentences:
• English is an official language.
• However, it is only spoken as a first language by a small
percentage of the population.

You can join them together by using although:

• Although English is an official language, it is only spoken
as a first language by a small percentage of the
population.

Whereas and while balance two contrasting ideas.

• A pidgin language is one which is a mixture of two other
languages, whereas/while a creole is a pidgin language
that has become the mother tongue of a community.
• Tok Pisin is sometimes used in the first three years of
primary school, while/whereas English is used in
secondary education.
 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Rewrite the sentences using although.

1. I speak English quite well, but I find English spelling hard.

2. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close to

Venezuela, but English is spoken there, not Spanish.

3. Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, but Welsh

is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.

4. Chinese is an important world language, but not many

schools in Britain teach it.

5. Shakespeare probably never left England, but several of

his plays are set in other countries.
 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Rewrite the sentences using although.

1. I speak English quite well, but I find English spelling hard.

Although I speak English quite well, I find English
spelling hard.
2. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close to
Venezuela, but English is spoken there, not Spanish.

3. Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, but Welsh

is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.

4. Chinese is an important world language, but not many

schools in Britain teach it.

5. Shakespeare probably never left England, but several of

his plays are set in other countries.
 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Rewrite the sentences using although.

1. I speak English quite well, but I find English spelling hard.

Although I speak English quite well, I find English
spelling hard.
2. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close to
Venezuela, but English is spoken there, not Spanish.
Although the islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close
to Venezuela, English is spoken there, not Spanish.
3. Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, but Welsh
is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.

4. Chinese is an important world language, but not many

schools in Britain teach it.

5. Shakespeare probably never left England, but several of

his plays are set in other countries.
 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Rewrite the sentences using although.

1. I speak English quite well, but I find English spelling hard.

Although I speak English quite well, I find English
spelling hard.
2. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close to
Venezuela, but English is spoken there, not Spanish.
Although the islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close
to Venezuela, English is spoken there, not Spanish.
3. Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, but Welsh
is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.
Although Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, Welsh
is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.
4. Chinese is an important world language, but not many
schools in Britain teach it.

5. Shakespeare probably never left England, but several of

his plays are set in other countries.
 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Rewrite the sentences using although.

1. I speak English quite well, but I find English spelling hard.

Although I speak English quite well, I find English
spelling hard.
2. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close to
Venezuela, but English is spoken there, not Spanish.
Although the islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close
to Venezuela, English is spoken there, not Spanish.
3. Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, but Welsh
is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.
Although Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, Welsh
is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.
4. Chinese is an important world language, but not many
schools in Britain teach it.
Although Chinese is an important world language, not many
schools in Britain teach it.
5. Shakespeare probably never left England, but several of
his plays are set in other countries.
 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Rewrite the sentences using although.

1. I speak English quite well, but I find English spelling hard.

Although I speak English quite well, I find English
spelling hard.
2. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close to
Venezuela, but English is spoken there, not Spanish.
Although the islands of Trinidad and Tobago are very close
to Venezuela, English is spoken there, not Spanish.
3. Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, but Welsh
is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.
Although Welsh settlers first went to Patagonia in 1865, Welsh
is still quite widely spoken in this part of Argentina today.
4. Chinese is an important world language, but not many
schools in Britain teach it.
Although Chinese is an important world language, not many
schools in Britain teach it.
5. Shakespeare probably never left England, but several of
his plays are set in other countries.
Although Shakespeare probably never left England, several
of his plays are set in other countries.
 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Match the contrasting ideas and then join them in a
sentence with whereas/while.

The UK winter months are December to February.

I'm good at languages.

In Argentina, Spanish is spoken.

Very few British people speak Dutch.

In Japan, the school year starts in April.

In Australia, students start school in January.

In South Africa, winter is from May to July.

Most Dutch people speak English.

My brother’s best subjects are Science and Maths.

Portuguese is the language of Brazil.

 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Match the contrasting ideas and then join them in a
sentence with whereas/while.
The UK winter months are December to February, whereas in
South Africa winter is from May to July.

I'm good at languages.

In Argentina, Spanish is spoken.

Very few British people speak Dutch.

In Japan, the school year starts in April.

In Australia, students start school in January.

Most Dutch people speak English.

My brother’s best subjects are Science and Maths.

Portuguese is the language of Brazil.

 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Match the contrasting ideas and then join them in a
sentence with whereas/while.
The UK winter months are December to February, whereas in
South Africa winter is from May to July.

I'm good at languages, whereas/while my brother’s best

subjects are Science and Maths.

In Argentina, Spanish is spoken.

Very few British people speak Dutch.

In Japan, the school year starts in April.

In Australia, students start school in January.

Most Dutch people speak English.

Portuguese is the language of Brazil.

 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Match the contrasting ideas and then join them in a
sentence with whereas/while.
The UK winter months are December to February, whereas in
South Africa winter is from May to July.

I'm good at languages, whereas/while my brother’s best

subjects are Science and Maths.

In Argentina, Spanish is spoken, whereas/while Portuguese is

the language of Brazil.

Very few British people speak Dutch.

In Japan, the school year starts in April.

In Australia, students start school in January.

Most Dutch people speak English.

 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Match the contrasting ideas and then join them in a
sentence with whereas/while.
The UK winter months are December to February, whereas in
South Africa winter is from May to July.

I'm good at languages, whereas/while my brother’s best

subjects are Science and Maths.

In Argentina, Spanish is spoken, whereas/while Portuguese is

the language of Brazil.

Very few British people speak Dutch, whereas/while most Dutch

people speak English.

In Japan, the school year starts in April.

In Australia, students start school in January.

 Grammar bits
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!

1 PRACTICE
A. Match the contrasting ideas and then join them in a
sentence with whereas/while.
The UK winter months are December to February, whereas in
South Africa winter is from May to July.

I'm good at languages, whereas/while my brother’s best

subjects are Science and Maths.

In Argentina, Spanish is spoken, whereas/while Portuguese is

the language of Brazil.

Very few British people speak Dutch, whereas/while most Dutch

people speak English.

In Japan, the school year starts in April, whereas/while in

Australia students start school in January.
Activity Time
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!
 Let’s do a
Cross Word!

First, make
small teams
of 2 or 3
Like this!
Now, let’s read the first clue and
the first team to find the answer
gets the point!

Raise your hand

when you know
the word!

Ready?
A pidgin language that has
become the mother tongue
of a community.

2 Across
A pidgin language that has
become the mother tongue
of a community.

Nice Work!
 English and French are
the ____________ languages
of Canada.

3 Down
 English and French are
the ____________ languages
of Canada.

Nice Work!
An English-speaking country
close to Papua New Guinea

9 Across
An English-speaking country
close to Papua New Guinea

Nice Work!
Your first language is your
__________ language.

8 Down
Your first language is your
__________ language.

Nice Work!
The most important city
in a country.

4 Down
The most important city
in a country.

Nice Work!
All the words that someone
knows, learns or uses.

5 Down
All the words that someone
knows, learns or uses.

Nice Work!
The language spoken
in Poland.

6 Across
The language spoken
in Poland.

Nice Work!
Russian uses the Cyrillic
___________.

12 Across
Russian uses the Cyrillic
___________.

Nice Work!
A main language
spoken in India.

13 Down
A main language
spoken in India.

Nice Work!
 The language
of ancient Rome.

10 Across
 The language
of ancient Rome.

Nice Work!
Speaking two languages.

1 Down
Speaking two languages.

Nice Work!
A language spoken
in Southern China
and Hong Kong.

14 Across
A language spoken
in Southern China
and Hong Kong.

Nice Work!
The number of people living
in a country.

7 Down
The number of people living
in a country.

Nice Work!
Papua ______ Guinea

11 Down
Papua ______ Guinea

Nice Work!
Activity Time
Teach yourself Tok Pisin!
 Let’s do a
Mystery Maze!

First, make 2
teams
Find your way through the Mystery
Maze answering questions as you
move forward. Be the first team to
reach the treasure.

Ready?
Choose your path!
 My dad only spent a month in
Australia. However, he learned a lot of
English when he was there. (although)

Answer the
question!
Although my dad only spent a month
in Australia, he learned a lot of
English when he was there.

Nice Work!
Choose your path!
Some people are good at languages.
Others find it very difficult to learn
another language.
(while/whereas)

Answer the
question!
Some people are good at languages,
while/whereas others find it very
difficult to learn another language.

Nice Work!
Choose your path!
 Geography is his favourite subject.
However, he didn’t know where Papua
New Guinea was.
(although)

Answer the
question!
Although Geography is his favourite
subject, he didn’t know where Papua
New Guinea was.

Nice Work!
Choose your path!
I prefer reading and writing.
My friend likes speaking
and working in groups.
(while/whereas)

Answer the
question!
 I prefer reading and writing,
while/whereas my friend likes
speaking and working in groups.

Nice Work!
Choose your path!
She speaks really good English.
However, she’s never been to an
English-speaking country.
(although)

Answer the
question!
Although she speaks really good
English, she’s never been to an
English-speaking country.

Nice Work!
Choose your path!
 English is quite easy to learn in the
early stages. French is quite difficult.
(while/whereas )

Answer the
question!
 English is quite easy to learn
in the early stages, while/whereas
French is quite difficult.

Nice Work!
Choose your path!
I didn’t do much revision. However, I
got good marks in the test.
(although)

Answer the
question!
Although I didn’t do much revision, I
got good marks in the test.

Nice Work!
Choose your path!
Russian uses the Cyrillic alphabet.
Polish uses the Roman alphabet.
(while/whereas )

Answer the
question!
Russian uses the Cyrillic alphabet,
while/whereas Polish uses
the Roman alphabet.

Nice Work!
 Cambridge Program
for Secondary 2 English
as a Second Language

Nice work
everyone!
See you all
next time!