ISRA UNIVERSITY HALA ROAD, HYDERABAD

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

FINAL YEAR PROJECT I

USE OF RECYCLED CONCRETE AS COARSE AGGREGATE FOR HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

HASNAIN (1911-BECE014) (G.L)

RAJA SHARIQ (1911-BECE027)
ARBAB ALI (1911-BECE009)

Supervisor: Engr: IRFAN SHAR

Co-supervisor: Engr: SHEHZAD MEMON
Outline:

 Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Literature Review
 Research aim & Objective
 Research Methodology
 Results And Discussion
 References
 Introduction
 Concrete is an artificial
man-made material.
 10 billion tons production
annually.
 Strong, Durable, Versatile,
Fire resistant.
PROBLEM STATEMENT

 The production of normal concrete

involves significant carbon emissions due
to the extraction and processing of
natural aggregates.

 The use of natural aggregates in normal

concrete leads to the depletion of finite
resources such as sand, gravel, and
crushed stone.

 Natural aggregates used in concrete

production can be costly due to factors
such as extraction, transportation, and
processing.
 POSSIBLE SOLUTION:
 Using recycled aggregates requires less energy
compared to the extraction and processing of
natural aggregates, leading to lower carbon
emissions.

 Recycled aggregate concrete helps reduce the

environmental impact associated with concrete
production by diverting construction and
demolition waste from landfills and conserving
natural resources.

 Recycled aggregate concrete can be a cost-

effective alternative to conventional concrete, as
the use of recycled materials can result in cost
savings, particularly in regions where natural
aggregates are scarce or expensive.
Literature review
S.NO Authors Year Title Results

1. Zhang, P., 2023 They studied on effect of silica fume They found the compressive,
Sun, X., content on the mechanical strengths, splitting tensile and flexural
Wang, F. and compressive stress–strain behavior of strengths all decrease by <10%
Wang, J. recycled aggregate concrete. with the replacement of NA with
RA up to 50% content. The
decreases could be compensated
by the inclusion of SF.

2. Zhang, H., 2022 They study to explore They found the compressive
Xiao, J., the effects of different strength and elastic modulus of
Tang, Y., aggregate combinations on concrete. concrete at 28 days slightly
Duan, Z. and decreased with the utilization of
Poon, C.S. fully recycled aggregate
combinations.
Literature review
S.NO Authors Year Title Results

3. Akansha tiwari 2015 She conducted a investigation on concrete
with recycled concrete aggregate. She make
concrete cube with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and
100% replacement of natural coarse
aggregate and the same has been tested for
7 and 28 days for determination of
compressive strength and tensile splitting
test.
She found the compressive
strength of concrete
containing 50% RCA has
strength in close proximity
to that of normal concrete.
Concrete has good tensile
strength when replaced up
to 25-30 %.

4. Fathei Ramadan 2015 They study on effect of recycled coarse They found the value of
salehlamein, aggregate on concrete properties. absorption of natural
Mochamad coarse aggregate was lower
Solikin, Ir. than recycled aggregate
SriSunarjono and meet the requirement.
 Research aim & Objective

 AIM:

The prime aim of this research is to

investigate the effect of demolished
concrete as coarse aggregate in
concrete.
OBJECTIVES
By utilizing demolished concrete as
coarse aggregate in concrete, the
main objectives of this research work
will be to determine;
 Freshproperties such as slump of
concrete.
 Hardened properties such as
compressive and splitting tensile
strength of concrete.
 Physicalproperties such as water
absorption of concrete.
MATERIALS
 The materials used in this experiment were:
 1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
 2. Sand
 3. Natural gravel with maximum size 14 mm (NA)
 4. Recycled Aggregate (RA) - used as coarse aggregate.
 The recycled coarse aggregates were produced by crushing
the waste concrete cubes at outer Material Laboratory
that had compressive strength between 20 to 25 MPa.
These waste cut broken into smaller pieces and crushed
using a jaw crusher. Then the RA produced is sieve max
size 14 mm.
 Preliminary Test Results of Materials
S.No Material/ Test/ Property Name In MKS System

(1) Cement
i Normal Consistency 0.33
ii Initial Setting Time 45 mins
iii Final Setting Time 150 mins
(2) Natural Coarse Aggregates
i Size 14mm
ii Specific gravity 2.64
iii Water absorption 2.9%
(3) Recycled Coarse Aggregates
i Size 14mm
ii Specific gravity 2.4
iii Water absorption 3.6%
(4) Fine Aggregates
i Fineness modulus 2.9
ii Specific gravity 2.63
iii Water absorption 1.75%
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Four proportions of 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of recycled

concrete was used as coarse aggregate in high strength
concrete.
 Concrete cube specimens were casted for determining
compressive strength & concrete cylindrical specimens were
casted for split tensile strength.
 Water absorption of concrete specimens was determined
after 28 days of curing.
 Three concrete cubical specimens were casted, cured and
tested at 7,14 and 28 days for determining compressive
strength.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Three concrete cylindrical specimens were casted, cured and

tested at 7 and 28 days for determining splitting tensile
strength.

 Slump test was conducted for each concrete mix for checking
the workability.

 The compressive strength, tensile strength and water

absorption of concrete were determined in this research.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Collection & Design Mix Mixing & Casting

Testing
Of Materials

Tests on Concrete
• Compressive strength
Results and Conclusion
• Tensile strength Discussions
• Workability

Recommendations
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 Table 01: Variation of Slump with Percentage of RAC.

MIX Percentage of Fresh Percentage of Recycled Slump (mm)

ID Aggregate (%) Aggregate (%)

MIX 1 100 0 120

MIX 2 75 25 104

MIX 3 50 50 98

MIX 4 25 75 75
 Workability of Concrete
120

100
Slump value in mm

80

60

40

20

0
MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 MIX 4
Percentage of RCA

Figure 01: Workability of Fresh Concrete

 Table 02: Compressive strength of concrete @ 7 days
MIX ID Percentage of fresh Percentage of Compressive Average
Aggregate Concrete (%) Recycled Strength Compressive
Aggregate (MPA) Strength
Concrete (%) (MPA)

MIX 1 100 0 18.30 18.70

19.10
18.70
MIX 2 75 25 18.40 19.00
19.50
19.10
MIX 3 50 50 17.50 18.00
18.50
18.00
MIX 4 25 75 17.00 17.70
18.60
17.50
 Compressive Strength of Concrete
19
Compressive strength (N/mm2)

18.8
18.6
18.4
18.2
18
17.8
17.6
17.4
17.2
17
MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 MIX 4
Percentage of RCA

Figure 02: Compressive Strength @ 7 days

 Table 03: Compressive strength of concrete @ 14 days
MIX ID Percentage of fresh Percentage of Compressive Average
Aggregate Concrete (%) Recycled Strength Compressive
Aggregate (MPA) Strength
Concrete (%) (MPA)

MIX 1 100 0 23.20 23.15

23.50
22.75
MIX 2 75 25 23.50 23.87
24.18
23.93
MIX 3 50 50 21.65 22.02
22.50
21.90
MIX 4 25 75 21.00 21.32
22.21
20.75
 Compressive Strength of Concrete
25
Compressive strength (N/mm2)

24

23

22

21

20

19
MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 MIX 4
Percentage of RCA

Figure 03: Compressive Strength @ 14 days

 Table 04: Compressive strength of concrete @ 28 days
MIX ID Percentage of fresh Percentage of Compressive Average
Aggregate Concrete (%) Recycled Strength Compressive
Aggregate (MPA) Strength
Concrete (%) (MPA)

MIX 1 100 0 31.50 32.06

33.00
31.75
MIX 2 75 25 32.50 33.62
34.60
33.75
MIX 3 50 50 29.50 30.05
30.40
30.25
MIX 4 25 75 27.93 28.56
29.00
28.75
 Compressive Strength of Concrete
34
Compressive strength (N/mm2)

33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 MIX 4
Percentage of RCA

Figure 04: Compressive Strength @ 28 days

 Table 05: Tensile strength of concrete @ 7 days
MIX ID Percentage of fresh Percentage of Tensile Average
Aggregate Concrete (%) Recycled Strength Tensile
Aggregate (MPA) Strength
Concrete (%) (MPA)

MIX 1 100 0 3.84 3.81

4.34
3.25
MIX 2 75 25 3.80 3.95
4.30
3.75
MIX 3 50 50 3.00 3.35
3.80
3.25
MIX 4 25 75 2.50 2.82
3.20
2.76
 Tensile Strength of Concrete
4
3.5
Tensile strength (N/mm2)

3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 MIX 4
Percentage of RCA

Figure 05: Tensile Strength @ 7 days

 Table 06: Tensile strength of concrete @ 28 days
MIX ID Percentage of fresh Percentage of Tensile Average
Aggregate Concrete (%) Recycled Strength Tensile
Aggregate (MPA) Strength
Concrete (%) (MPA)

MIX 1 100 0 3.84 4.39

4.34
3.25
MIX 2 75 25 3.80 4.08
4.30
3.75
MIX 3 50 50 3.00 3.89
3.80
3.25
MIX 4 25 75 2.50 3.12
3.20
2.76
 Tensile Strength of Concrete
4.5
4
Tensile strength (N/mm2)

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 MIX 4
Percentage of RCA

Figure 06: Tensile Strength @ 28 days

 Table 07: Water Absorption of Concrete Specimens @ 28 days
MIX ID Percentage of fresh Aggregate Percentage of Percentage
Concrete (%) Recycled Aggregate of Water
Concrete (%) Absorption (%)

MIX 1 100 0 6.45

MIX 2 75 25 8.12

MIX 3 50 50 9.91

MIX 4 25 75 11.42
 Water Absorption of Concrete Specimens

12

10
Water Absorption (%)

0
MIX 1 MIX 2 MIX 3 MIX 4
Percentage of RCA

Figure 07: Water Absorption of Concrete @ 28 days

CONCLUSION
• The maximum workability was noted 120 mm by using 0%
of RCA and minimum value of workability was noted 75
mm at 75% of RCA when replaced with NCA.The
workability of fresh concrete decreased with increase in
the percentage of RCA contents.The percentage of RCA
Water absorption is more than the NCA level, because the
older mortar stays adhered to the aggregate surface
which leads to lessening the strengths.While compressive
strength enhanced with use of RCA in concrete up to the
maximum 1.6%, 3.1%, 4.9% at 25% NCA replacement with
RCA at 7, 14, 28 curing days on comparing with normal
concrete.RAC could increase its compressive strength by
reducing the water-cement ratio of concrete.
CONCLUSION(continue)
• Furthermore, the results also concluded that splitting
tensile strength increased up to maximum 3.7% at 25%
replacement with RCA at 7 curing days on comparing with
normal concrete. On the other hand,The compressive
strength decreased up to the minimum of 5.3%, 7.9%,
10.9% and and 3.7%, 4.9%, 6.2% at 7, 14, 28 days of curing
with NCA replacement level of 50% and 75% when
compared with normal concrete.The tensile strength
decreased up to the minimum of 11.4%, 12.1% and 26%,
29% at 7, 28 days of curing with NCA replacement level of
50% and 75% when compared with normal concrete.Lower
water-cement ratio of Recycled Aggregate Concrete lead
to higher in compressive strength.
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
• The overall research proposes that the use of Recycled
Coarse Aggregate increases compressive strength when
25% NCA replaced by RCA, however reduces the
workability to a larger extent. Therefore, an advanced
research study may be needed in the future to increase
the workability of RCA concrete with different mineral
and chemical admixtures.
 REFERENCE:
 Zhang, P., Sun, X., Wang, F. and Wang, J., 2023. Mechanical
properties and durability of geopolymer recycled aggregate
concrete: a review. Polymers, 15(3), p.615

 Zhang, H., Xiao, J., Tang, Y., Duan, Z. and Poon, C.S., 2022.
Long-term shrinkage and mechanical properties of fully recycled
aggregate concrete: Testing and modelling. Cement and
Concrete Composites, 130, p.104527.

 Akansha tiwari, 2015. Recycled Concrete Aggregates

International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol.-2.

 Fathei Rahadan salehlamein, Mochamad.Solikin, Ir.Srisunarjono,

2015. Effect of Recycled Coarse Aggregate on Concrete
Properties, International Journal of Innovative Research in
 REFERENCE:
 Sri Ravindrarajah, R., Loo, Y.H. and Tam, C.T., 1987. Recycled
concrete as fine and coarse aggregates in concrete. Magazine of
concrete research, 39(141), pp.214-220.

 Sri Srivastava, A.K.L., Study on the use of Recy.rse

aggregate. Magazine of concrete research, 37(130), pp.29-38.

 Nixon, P.J., 1978. Recycled concrete as an aggregate for

concrete—a review. Matériaux et Construction, 11, pp.371-378.

 Tabsh, S.W. and Abdelfatah, A.S., 2009. Influence of recycled

concrete aggregates on strength properties of
concrete. Construction and building materials, 23(2), pp.1163-
1167.