DESTRUCTIVE&NON-DESTRUCTIVE ASSESSMENT

OF M30 GRADE CONCRETE BY PARTIALLY

REPLACING WITH RICE HUSK ASH AND CERAMIC
POWDER

UNDER ESTEEMED GUIDE OF

Mr., CH SAI KIRAN, M.TECH,PHD
Assistant Professor

By
ANDHAVARAPU TEJA 21NT5A0169
PENTA KRISHNA KISHORE 21NT5A0151
RAMBOTHU SAI PRIYANKA 21NT5A0156
BORA SUBHASREE 21NT5A0108
VASAPALLI KODANDARAO 21NT5A0166
ABSTRACT
• Concrete is used extensively in various types of construction works as a construction material among civil
engineers around the world for decades.. However, the deterioration of reinforced- concrete structures is
recognized as a major problem worldwide. Over a period of time, as these structures become older, certain
degradation or deterioration with resultant distress manifested in the form of cracking, splitting,
delaminating and corrosion is found in them. The strength of the structure should also be observed after the
post construction phase and this can be known by performing non – destructive tests. Concrete is a mixture of
several ingredients but the main ingredient is cement which helps to bind together of remaining ingredients.
But, the cost of cement is high but it is important in concrete. So, in order to fulfill the requirement the
cement can be replaced with cementitious material. In this research work, the concrete specimens are casted,
cured and tested the specimens after 6 months to know the strength characteristics by performing non-
destructive test. Therefore, this research work seeks to investigate the strength characteristics by performing
non – destructive tests like rebound hammer and ultra sonic pulse velocity test. In the present study, an
attempt has been made to investigate the strength parameters of concrete made with partial replacement of
cement by rice husk ash and ceramic powder. Moreover, no such attempt has been made in substituting rice
husk ash and ceramic powder with cement for medium grade concrete (i.e. M30). The rice husk ash and
ceramic powder is replaced with cement at 15% and 20% proportions and the cubes are casted and cured
for 7 days and 28 days. After curing period, the specimens are tested to know the strength and quality of
the concrete specimens after 3 and 6 months from the casting. The obtained values are compared with the
standard values of the conventional mix
INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

• Concrete is used extensively in various types of construction works as a construction material among civil
engineers around the world for decades.
• However, the deterioration of reinforced-concrete structures is recognized as a major problem worldwide. The
most commonly used construction material in the world is concrete.
• The art of arriving at proper mix through a suitable combination of cement, aggregates, water and admixtures
is referred as mix proportioning. The mix proportions should satisfy all the requirements to use of minimum
possible cement content so that maximum economy is achieved.
• The purpose of concrete mix proportioning is to combine the available cementations materials, water, fine and
coarse aggregates, and admixture such that the resulting mix will meet the particle requirement of strength and
durability.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK

The objective of the present investigation is to investigate

 The workability for concrete mixes of grade M30 by replacing mass of cement with rice hush ash
and ceramic powder at different proportions.
 The strength characteristics are determined by using destructive tests like compressive strength
and split tensile strength test and non- destructive tests like rebound hammer, ultra sonic pulse
velocity on concrete mixes of grade M30 by replacing mass of cement with rice hush ash and
ceramic powder at 0%, 15% and 20%.
SCOPE OF THE WORK

• In this research work, the concrete specimens are casted, cured and tested the specimens after 7, 28 days and 3,
6 months to know the strength characteristics by performing destructive and non- destructive test. Therefore, this
research work seeks to investigate the strength characteristics by performing destructive tests like compressive
strength and split tensile strength test and non – destructive tests like rebound hammer and ultra sonic pulse velocity
test. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the strength parameters of concrete made with
partial replacement of cement by rice husk ash and ceramic powder. Moreover, no such attempt has been made in
substituting rice husk ash and ceramic powder with cement for medium grade concretes i.e. M30. The rice husk ash
and ceramic powder is replaced with cement at 0%, 15% and 20%. The cubes and cylinders are casted and cured
for 7 days and 28 days and destructive tests are conducted. After curing period, the specimens are tested to know
the strength and quality of the concrete specimens after 6 months from the casting. The obtained values are
compared with the standard values of the conventional mix.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Archana Karolina et.al (2013)
In the last decades, the use of residue in civil construction, specially in addition to
concrete, has been subject of many researches due to, besides to reduce the
environmental polluter’s factors, it may lead several improvements of the concrete
properties. Few of such products have already been identified like Rice Husk Ash
(RHA), Fly Ash, Silica Fumes, Egg shell etc. Amongst these RHA and Fly Ash are known
to have good prospects in minimizing the usage of cement. India produces about 122
million tons of paddies every year. About 20-22% rice husk is generated from paddy
and 20- 25% of the total husk becomes as “RICE HUSK ASH” after burning. Each ton
of paddy produces about 40 Kg of rice husk ash. This paper evaluates how different
proportions of rice husk ash (RHA) and fly ash (FA) added to concrete may influence
its physical and mechanical properties. Samples with dimensions of 150 X 150 mm
were tested; with 0%, 10%, 20%, 22.5% and 25% of cement is replaced by total mass
of waste (RHA+FA). Properties like compressive strength were evaluated. The results
were compared with control sample and the viability of adding RHA & FA to concrete
was investigated. It has been observed that replacement of 20% cement by waste
product was found to increase in compressive strength of concrete.
Ganesan.k., rajagopal.k et.al The utilization of waste materials in concrete manufacture provides a
(2007) satisfactory solution to some of the environmental concerns and problems
associated with waste management. Agro wastes such as rice husk ash, wheat
straw ash, hazel nutshell and sugarcane bagasse ash are used as pozzolanic
materials for the development of blended cements. The test results indicate
that BA is an effective mineral admixture, with 20% as optimal replacement
ratio of cement.

Gemma rodriguez de The development of compressive strength up to 91 days of concretes with

sensale (2006) rice-husk ash (RHA), in which residual RHA from a rice paddy milling industry
in Uruguay and RHA produced by controlled incineration from the USA were
used for comparison. Two different replacement percentages of cement by
RHA, 10% and 20%, and three different water/cementicious material ratios
(0.50, 0.40 and 0.32), were used. The results are compared with those of the
concrete without RHA, with splitting tensile strength and air permeability. It is
concluded that residual RHA provides a positive effect on the compressive
strength at early ages, but the long term behavior of the concretes with RHA
produced by controlled incineration was more significant.
Results of splitting tensile and air permeability reveal the significance of the
filler and pozzolanic effect for the concretes with residual RHA and RHA
produced by controlled incineration.
Jose james et.al (1986) Effect of lime:silica ratio on the kinetics of the reaction of silica with
saturated lime has been investigated. Below C/S=0.65 the reaction does not
proceed to completion and even in the presence of a large excess of silica
only 90% lime is consumed. A parameter, lime reactivity index, has been
defined to quantity the reactive silica present in rice husk ash. The product of
the reaction between rice husk ash and saturated lime is a calcium
hydrosilicate. The fibrilar structure and the hollow tubular morphology of the
fibres, have been explained by a growth mechanism, where the driving force
is osmotic pressure.

Maria Rajesh et.al (2013) the natural river san0064 was the cheapest resource of sand. However the
excessive mining of river bed to meet the increasing demand for sand in
construction industry has led to the ecological imbalance in the country. Now
the sand available in the river bed is very coarse and contains very high
percentage of silt and clay. The silt and clay present in the sand reduce the
strength of the concrete and holds dampness. A few alternatives have come up
for the industry to bank on of which manufactured sand or M-sand, as it is
called, is found to be the most suitable one to replace river sand. M-sand has
caught the attention of the construction industry and environmentalists alike
for its quality and the minimum damages it causes to nature.
Min-Hong Zhang et.al The physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash (RHA), and deals with the
(1996) properties of fresh and hardened concrete incorporating the same ash. The properties of
fresh concrete investigated included workability, bleeding, setting time, and autogenous
temperature rise, and those of the hardened concrete included compressive, splitting
tensile, and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, drying shrinkage, resistance to
chloride ion penetration, resistance to freezing and thawing cycling, and salt-scaling
resistance.

Moncef nehdi (2001) The cement and concrete industry is gradually shifting towards high performance concrete
for better durability and self-compacting concrete to reduce labor and construction time;
materials that often require high portland-cement contents. On the other hand, pressure
from both the public and legislature for a more rational use of cement will be growing.
Indeed, the world’s annual cement production is expected to reach almost 2 billion tonnes
by year 2010. With portland cement as the predominant cementing material, this would
translate into 2 billion tonnes of CO2 released into the atmosphere each year, exacerbating
the threatening problem of global warming. To balance the requirements for higher-
performance cements and sustainable development, the industry is progressively resorting
to blended cements (mostly binary systems) including additions of industrial by-products,
such as fly ash, slag, and silica fume.
Nath et.al (2011) Utilization of fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material adds sustainability to concrete
by reducing the CO2 emission of cement production. The positive effects of fly ash as a partial
replacement of cement on the durability of concrete are recognized through numerous
researches; however, the extent of improvement depends on the properties of fly ash. In this
study, durability properties of high strength concrete utilizing high volume Class F fly ash
sourced from Western Australia have been investigated. Concrete mixtures with fly ash as
30% and 40% of total binder were used to cast the test specimens. The compressive strength,
drying shrinkage,
sorptivity and rapid chloride permeability of the fly ash and control concrete specimens were
determined. The 28-day compressive strength of the concrete mixtures varied from 65 to 85
MPa. The fly ash concrete samples showed less drying shrinkage than the control concrete
samples when designed for the same 28-day compressive strength of the control concrete.
Inclusion of fly ash reduced sorptivity and chloride ion permeation.

Nazia pathan (2002) The effects of introducing the cost between sand used concrete block and
sawdust used concrete block. For making the concrete blocks we are using
coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, water and sawdust to mix it.
Using some percentage of sawdust in place of sand in concrete is used. We
replace replaces 10%, 15% and 20% of sawdust instead of sand while other
things are same. After making the concrete blocks I am going to see the
difference in weight between the originally concrete block and the
sawdust concrete block. The unit density of the concrete block is tested
also. Research paper has proved that saw dust Concrete can be used as a
Structural Concrete at suitable replacement percentage .and also affects
the cost of the construction.
MATERIALS USED
MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

The Raw materials that are used in the production of concrete are mentioned below.

 Coarse aggregates
 Fine aggregates
 Cement
 Rice husk ash
 Ceramic powder
• COARSEAGGREGATE
The material whose particles are of size are retained on IS sieve of size 4.75mm is termed
as coarse aggregate and containing only so much finer material as is permitted for the
various types described in IS: 383-1970 is considered as coarse aggregate. Aggregates are
the major ingredients of concrete. They constitute 70-80% of the total volume, provide a
rigid skeleton structure for concrete, and act as economical space fillers. Because at least
three-quarters of the volume of the concrete is occupied by aggregate, it is not surprising
that its quality is of considerable importance. The properties of aggregate greatly affect the
durability and structural performance of concrete.
• Fine aggregate
The size of the fine aggregate is below 4.75mm. Fine aggregates can be natural or manufactured.
The grade must be throughout the work. The moisture content or absorption characteristics must
be closely monitored. The fine aggregate as shown in Figure used is natural sand obtained from
the river Godavari conforming to grading zone-II of IS: 10262-2009. The results of various tests
on fine aggregate are given in Table 3.2. The fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand or, subject
to approval, other inert materials with similar characteristics, or combinations having hard, strong,
durable particles. The use of concrete is being constrained by urbanization, zoning regulations,
increased cost and environmental concern.
 RICE HUSK ASH
•The most commonly used construction material in the world is concrete. The art of arriving
at a proper mix tough a suitable combination of cement, aggregate, water and admixture is
referred as mix proportioning. The mix proportions should satisfy all requirements with the use
of minimum possible cement content so that maximum economy is achieved. The purpose of
concrete mix proportioning is to combine the available cementations material, water, fine and
coarse aggregates, and admixture such that resulting mix will meet the practical requirement of
strength and durability.
 CERAMIC POWDER
• Ceramic powder is obtained by grinding the discarded tiles made only with the ball clay from the
Ceramic industry. Ceramic powder consists of ceramic particles and additives that improve a
powder's ease of use during component fabrication. Additives include a binding agent to hold the
powder together after compaction and a release agent to enable a compacted component to be easily
removed from the compaction die. The significant features and properties of ceramic powder are the
particle size and its size distribution, the particle composition, the amount of die release agent and
its composition, the amount of binder and its composition, and the type and amount of
contamination.
1. ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT

Ordinary Portland cement is used for general constructions. The raw materials required for manufacture of Portland cement
are calcareous materials, such as limestone or chalk and argillaceous materials such as shale or clay. The manufacture of
cement consists of grinding the raw materials, mixing them intimately in certain proportions depending upon their purity
and composition and burning them in a kiln at a temperature of about 13000C to 15000C at which temperature, the material
sinters and partially fuses to form nodular shaped clinker. The clinker is cooled and ground to a fine

Cement

The cement is to be tested in the laboratory for its quality requirement limitations as per Indian Standards. The
cement used was ordinary Portland cement of OPC 53 grade (KCP 53 grade) as confirming to IS: 12269-
2013.Various tests are conducted to know the physical properties of cement and the results are tabulated below.
All 16 the tests conducted are as per the norms of standard specifications given in IS 4031 and the results are
tabulated.
Type of Concrete Mix Water lits Cement Kg/ m³ Rice husk Fine aggregate Coarse
Grade ash Kg/m3 Kg/ m³ aggregate
Kg/ m³

M30 161.67 367.00 0 686.02 1209.89

Normal
0.44 1 1.86 3.29
Concrete

Cement with M30 161.67 311.95 55.05 686.02 1209.89

15% rice husk
ash 0.44 1 1.86 3.29

161.67 293.6 73.4 1209.89

Cement with M30 686.02
20% rice husk ash
0.44 1 1.86 3.29

Type of Mix Water Cement Kg/ Ceramic Fine Coarse

Concrete Grade lits m³ powder aggrega te aggregate
Kg/m3 Kg/ m³ Kg/ m³

161.67 367.00 0 686.02 1209.89

Normal M30
0.44 1 1.86 3.29
Concrete

Cement with 161.67 311.95 55.05 686.02 1209.89

15% ceramic M30
powder 0.44 1 1.86 3.29
161.67 293.6 73.4 1209.89
Cement with 686.02
20% ceramic M30
0.44 1 1.86 3.29
powder
EXPERIMENT WORK
1. Aggregates

The coarse aggregate was kept completely immersed in clean water for 24 hours for water
absorption. After 24 hours, the aggregate was gently surface dried. It was then spread out and exposed to
the atmosphere until it appears to be completely surface dry. For fine aggregate, considering the huge
time to be taken to become surface dry from wet condition, it was not immersed in water. Instead the
water was sprinkled then it was spread out and exposed to the atmosphere until it appears to be
completely surface dry.
• Mixing

• Casting of Concrete Cubes

• Casting of Concrete Cylinder & Curing
• Compressive Strength Test
• Split Tensile Strength Test
• Rebound Hammer Test
• ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY (UPV)
• Compressive strength Test Results of M30 grade of rice husk ash concrete

S.No Mix grade Mix proportion Compressive strength (N/mm2)

S.No Mix Mix 7 days

Compressive 28 days
strength (N/mm2)
grade proportion

1 7 days 28 days
Nominal mix 19.62 32.23
1 M30
grade of Nominal mix 19.62 32.23
2 concreteM30 15% cement replaced
2 grade of with15% cement
concrete ricereplaced 20.28 33.46
husk ashwith 20.28 33.46
rice husk ash

3 20% cement
3 20%replaced
cementwith 21.18 34.53
replaced with rice
rice husk ash husk 21.18 34.53
ash
Test Results of Rice husk ash mix specimens cured using portable
water compressive strength values at age of 7days and 28 days of
curing method.

40

34.53
35 33.46
32.23
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2

30

25
21.18
19.62 20.28
20

15

10

0
NOMINAL MIX 15% 20%

% OF RICE HUSK ASH ADDED

Compressive strength (N/mm2) at 7 days Compressive strength (N/mm2) at 28 days

• Compressive strength Test Results of M30 grade of ceramic
powder concrete

S.No Mix grade Mix proportion Compressive strength (N/mm2)

7 days 28 days

1
Nominal mix 19.62 32.23
M30
grade of
concrete 15% cement replaced
2 with 21.46 34.16
Ceramic powder

20% cement
3 replaced with ceramic 22.45 35.22
powder
• Test Results of ceramic powder mix specimens cured using
portable water compressive strength values at age of 7days and
28 days of curing method.
• split tensile strength Test Results of M30 grade of
rice husk ash concrete
S.No Mix grade Mix proportion Split tensile strength (N/mm2)

7 days 28 days

1
Nominal mix 3.23
M30 1.95
grade of
concrete

2 15% cement replaced with

rice husk ash 2.27 3.78

3 20% cement
replaced with rice husk 2.97 3.23
ash
• Test Results of rice husk ash mix specimens cured using
portable water compressive strength values at age of 7
days and 28 days of curing method.
• Test Results of ceramic powder mix specimens cured using portable
water compressive strength values at age of 7 days and 28 days of curing
method.
• split tensile strength Test Results of M30 grade of
ceramic powder concrete

S.No Mix grade Mix proportion Split tensile strength (N/mm2)

7 days 28 days

1
Nominal mix 3.23
M30 1.95
grade of
concrete
2 15% cement replaced with
Ceramic powder 2.55 3.92

3 20% cement
replaced with ceramic 2.86 3.38
powder
• rebound hammer Test Results of M30 grade of rice husk
ash concrete mix

S.No Mix Mix proportion Rebound values Compressive Compressive

grade Age of strength strength
Age of
3 months 6months (N/mm2) at (N/mm2) at
3months 6months

1 Nominal mix 28 36 32.27 33.13

M30
grade of
concrete
2 15% cement 27 37 33.42 36.11
replaced with
rice husk ash

3 20% cement 29 35 36.72 42.82

replaced with
rice husk ash
• Test Results of rice husk ash mix specimens cured using portable
water compressive strength values at age of 3 months and 6
months of curing method.
• Rebound hammer Test Results of M30 grade of ceramic
powder concrete mix

S.No Mix Mix Rebound values Compressive Compressive

grade proportion strength strength
Age of Age of (N/mm2) at (N/mm2) at
3 months 6months
3months 6months

1 Nominal mix 42 59 32.27 33.13

M30
2 grade of 15% cement 52 49 34.47 34.21
concrete replaced with
ceramic
powder

3 20% cement 47.5 45 38.72 45.82

replaced with
ceramic
powder
• Test Results of ceramic powder mix specimens cured using portable water compressive strength
values at age of 3 months and 6 months of curing method.
CONCLUSIONS

• In this study series of the experiments have been conducted on concrete with the addition of rice husk ash
and ceramic powder in Concrete. In this Experiment rice husk ash and ceramic powder was used as an
alternative of cement in concrete in different percentages that is 0%, 15%, and 20% of the weight of the
concrete. The experiments were conducted on M30 grade of concrete as per relevant IS-code practice.
Based on the test results obtained from this study the following conclusion can be drawn.
• From the compressive strength test results for both rice husk ash and ceramic powder in the concrete
grade i.e M30, it is found that with the addition of rice husk ash and ceramic powder strength is increased
than the conventional concrete.
• This experiment with rice husk ash and ceramic powder in the concrete is done to study that the ingredients
can also be used to increase the workability of the concrete.
• Scope of Further study

•The experimental study can be carried out for higher strength concretes like M40, M50 and
above. This work was carried out on rice husk ash and ceramic powder as an alternative of
cement in concrete .So, that we can reduce the usage of cement and cost of the project.
THANK YOU