MSE 4214

Failure Analysis Sessional

Quality Assessment of a TMT 500DWR Steel Rebar

Presented by:
Nadim Mahmood Nayeem (1827041)
Mohammad Ali Manik (1827042)
Shahamat Abrar (1827043)
Adil Hossain (1827044)

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KUET

 List of Contents
01 02 03
Introduction Visual Inspection Physical Measurements

04 05 06
Weight/length Rib Specifications Tensile Properties

07 08 09
Bending Properties Microstructure Conclusions

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 Introduction
 Quality assessment refers to the process of evaluating and determining the quality of
something based on predefined criteria or standards
 It is done to measure how well a product, service, process, or outcome meets the
specified requirements or expectations
 It is necessary for;
• Preventing failure
• Process optimization
• Better end results
• Planning future projects
 Quality assessment of a TMT 500DWR 12 steel rebar has been carried out
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 Introduction (Cont..)
 Experimentations involved in this study are;

• Visual inspection
• Physical properties measurements
• Weight per unit length determination
• Rib specifications analysis
• Uniaxial tensile test
• Bending (compression) test
• Microstructural analysis
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Visual Inspection

PSRM No defect on
500 DWR 12 the body

High amount Slightly damaged

of rusting and rusted ribs

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 Physical Measurements
Tensile Specimen Flexural Specimen
Property
Measured Standard Deviation Comment Measured Standard Deviation Comment

Length (mm) 467 --- --- --- 413 --- --- ---

Weight (g) 414.10 --- --- --- 362.17 --- --- ---

Diameter (mm) 12.01 12 0.08% 11.57 12 3.58%

Area () 113.29 113 0.17% 105.14 113 7.04%

Volume () 5.29x10-5 --- --- --- 4.34x10-5 --- --- ---

Density (kg/) 7827.03 7850 0.29% 8340.55 7850 6.25%

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 Linear Mass Density
 Tensile Specimen:

• Weight : 414.10 gm
• Length : 467 mm
• Lineae Mass Density : 0.887 kg/m
• Standard Linear Mass Density : 0.888 kg/m
• Deviation Found in Linear Mass Density : 0.11%
• Permissible Deviation : ± 6%
• Quality by this point of view : Very Good
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 Linear Mass Density (Cont..)
 Flexural Specimen:

• Weight : 362.17 gm
• Length : 413 mm
• Lineae Mass Density : 0.877 kg/m
• Standard Linear Mass Density : 0.888 kg/m
• Deviation Found in Linear Mass Density : 1.24%
• Permissible Deviation : ± 6%
• Quality by this point of view : Allright
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 Rib Specifications
 Tensile Specimen:

• Transverse ribs (TR) are of uniform height

• TR Height : 1.36 mm
Fig 1: Ribs in a TMT rebar
• Max. Allowable Height of TR: 0.05D (0.60 mm)
• Deviation in TR Height : 126.67%
• TR Spacing : 8.17 mm
• Allowable Spacing in TR : 0.05-0.7D (0.6-8.4 mm)
• Deviation in TR Spacing : No deviation
Fig 2: Rib specifications
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 Rib Specifications (Cont..)
• TR Inclination Angle : 70
• Allowable Inclination Angle in TR : 35
• Deviation in TR Inclination Angle : No deviation
• Longitudinal ribs (LR) are of uniform height
• LR Height : 0.78 mm
• Max. Allowable Height of LR: 0.15D (1.80 mm)
• Deviation in LR Height : No deviation
• Quality by this point of view : TR height is not OK, otherwise alright

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 Rib Specifications (Cont..)
 Flexural Specimen:

• Transverse ribs (TR) are of uniform height

• TR Height : 1.29 mm
• Max. Allowable Height of TR: 0.05D (0.60 mm)
• Deviation in TR Height : 115%
• TR Spacing : 7.56 mm
• Allowable Spacing in TR : 0.05-0.7D (0.6-8.4 mm)
• Deviation in TR Spacing : No deviation
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 Rib Specifications (Cont..)
• TR Inclination Angle : 70
• Allowable Inclination Angle in TR : 35
• Deviation in TR Inclination Angle : No deviation
• Longitudinal ribs (LR) are of uniform height
• LR Height : 0.71 mm
• Max. Allowable Height of LR: 0.15D (1.80 mm)
• Deviation in LR Height : No deviation
• Quality by this point of view : TR height is not OK, otherwise alright

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 Tensile Properties
 Testing Parameters :
• Specimen Length = 467 mm
• Specimen Diameter = 12.01 mm
• Pre-load = 0 N

 Gauge lengths and Elongations :

Fig 3: Cup & Cone Fracture

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 Tensile Properties (Cont..)
 Experimental Results :
• Yield strength, = 415.90 MPa
• Ultimate tensile strength, = 541.64 MPa
• UTS/YS = 1.30
• Percentage of total elongation = 25.72%
 Minimum Requirments :
• Yield strength, = 500 MPa
• Ultimate tensile strength, = 625 MPa
• UTS/YS = 1.25
• Percentage of total elongation = 14%
 Quality by this point of view : Not OK Fig 4: Tensile stress vs strain curve

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 Bending Properties
 Testing Parameters :

• Specimen Length = 413 mm

• Specimen Diameter = 11.57 mm
• Pre-load = 0 N

 Compressive strength = 67.34 MPa Fig 5: Load vs CHT curve

 Crack Inspection :
• No crack was observed at the outer surface
of the bending sample
Fig 6: Sample after bending test
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 Microstructural Analysis
 Cross-sectional zones present in a TMT rebar are;
• Core
• Transition Zone
• Rim or Case
• Rib Fig 7: Zones in a TMT rebar

 Microstructures present in a TMT rebar are;

Ferrite
• Ferrite +
• Pearlite Pearlite

• Bainite Tempered
Martensite Bainite
• Tempered Martensite
Fig 8: Microstructures present
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 Microstructural Analysis (Cont..)
 Achieving this set of microstructures involves;
• Formation of the outer layer martensite in the QTB
• Formation of ferrite and pearlite in the cooling bed
• Transformation of the martensite into the tempered Fig 9: Martensite ring
martensite by the self-tempering process
 The martensitic ring area should be around 35% of the
nominal cross-section area of a TMT 500DWR rebar
 Martensitic ring with a minimal area was observed which
was not around 35% of the nominal cross-section area of the
provided sample
Fig 10: Provided sample
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Microstructural Analysis (Cont..)

(a) (b)
Fig 11: Microstructure of the provided sample at the core; (a) MG-20X, (b) MG-40X
showing Ferrite (white regions) and Pearlite (black regions)
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 Conclusions
 No defect on the body, but rusting and damaged ribs were observed
 Diameter and density of the tensile specimen were alright, but not alright for the
flexural specimen
 Linear mass denisty for both the specimens were alright
 Height of the transverse ribs for both the specimens were not as per the standard
 Other rib specifications for both the specimens were alright
 Yeild strength of the supplied specimen was below standard
 No crack at the outer surface due to bending
 Area of martensitic ring is not meeting the standard

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Thank You

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