WETLAND CONSERVATION

BY ALINA,SAMPRITHA,SAI,KEVIN,TANIA,SIMRAN,NUPOOR,SHREYA,THEJUS,JEFFREY
CONTENTS

01 What is wetland 02 Importance of wetland

03 Types of wetland 04 Threats to wetland

Benefits of wetland
05 Wetland conservation 06 conservation

07 Conservative stratergies 08 Case study

 01. WETLAND
Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil, or is present
either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying
periods of time during the year, including during the growing
season. World Wetlands Day, celebrated annually on 2
February, aims to raise global awareness about the vital role of
wetlands for people and planet.
02 IMPORTANCE OF WETLAND

.
01 Improve water quality 02 Provide wildlife habitat

03 Maintain ecosystem
productivity 04 Reduce coastal storm
damage

05 Provide recreational
opportunities 06 Improve the water
supply

07 Provide opportunities
for education
 03. TYPES OF WETLAND

01 Marshes 02 Swamps

03 Bogs 04 Fens
01. MARSHES
M a r s h e s a r e d e f i n e d a s w e t l a n d s f r e q u e n t l y o r c o n t i n u a l l y i n u n d a t e d w i t h w a t e r,
characterized by emergent soft-stemmed vegetation adapted to saturated soil
conditions. There are many different kinds of marshes, ranging from the prairie
p o t h o l e s t o t h e E v e r g l a d e s , c o a s t a l t o i n l a n d , f r e s h w a t e r t o s a l t w a t e r.

02. SWAMPS
A swamp is any wetland dominated by woody plants. There are many different
kinds of swamps, ranging from the forested Red Maple, (Acer rubrum), swamps of
the Northeast to the extensive bottomland hardwood forests found along the
sluggish rivers of the Southeast. Swamps are characterized by saturated soils during
the growing season and standing water during certain times of the year. The highly
organic soils of swamps form a thick, black, nutrient-rich environment for the
growth of water-tolerant trees such as Cypress (Taxodium spp.), Atlantic White
Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), and Tupelo (Nyssa aquatica).
MARSHES SWAMPS
03. BOGS
Bogs ar e one of N or th Americ a's mos t dis tinc tiv e k inds of w etlands . They ar e c harac ter iz ed
by s pongy peat depos its , ac idic w ater s and a floor c ov ered by a thic k c ar pet of s phagnum
mos s . B ogs rec eiv e all or mos t of their w ater from pr ec ipitation r ather than fr om r unoff,
groundw ater or s treams . A s a res ult, bogs ar e low in the nutr ients needed for plant gr owth, a
c ondition that is enhanc ed by ac id for ming peat mos s es .

04. FENS
Fens, are peat -forming wetlands that receive nutrients from sources other t han
precipitation: usually from upslope sources through drainage from surrounding mineral
soils and from groundwat er movement. Fens diff er from bogs because t hey are less acidic
and have higher nutrient levels. Therefore, they are able to support a much more diverse
plant and animal communit y.
BOGS FENS
04. THREATS TO WETLANDS

01 Hydrologic alterations can significantly alter the soil chemistry and plant and animal communities. These alterations
can be the results of: deposition of fill material, draining, dredging and channelization, diking and damming, diversion
of flow and addition of impervious surfaces in the watershed, which increases water and pollutant runoff into wetlands.

The input of pollutants, such as sediment, fertilizer, human sewage, animal waste, road salts, pesticides and

Wetland vegetation can be damaged by the 02 heavy metals can exceed the wetland's natural ability to absorb such pollutants and cause degradation.
Pollutants can come from urban, agricultural, silvicultural and mining runoff, air pollution, leakage from
landfills and dumps, and boats stirring up pollutants around marinas.

grazing of domestic animals, nonnative

species that compete with natives, and the

03 removal of natural vegetation. The introduction

of invasive species, either intentionally or
unintentionally, can put pressure on native
plants and eventually push them out of their
native habitat.
05. WETLAND CONSERVATION
Wetland conservation is aimed at protecting and preserving
areas of land including marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens
that are covered by water seasonally or permanently due to
a variety of threats from both natural and anthropogenic
hazards. Some examples of these hazards include habitat
loss, pollution, and invasive species.
06. BENIFITS OF WETLAND CONSERVATION

Improved Water
01 Quality. 02 Erosion Control.

03 Flood Abatement. 04 Habitat Enhancement.

05 Water Supply. 06 Recreation.

07. CONSERVATIVE STRATERGIES

01 Household Plants and

Gardens 02 Pets and Pests

03 Waste and Recycling 04 Reduce Pollution

Healthy Wetland
05 Conserve Water 06 Vegetation

07 Help Wetland Wildlife 08 Important Contact

Information
08 CASE STUDY
The successful restoration and conservation of the wetland in Greenridge demonstrate the importance of holistic

.
approaches that integrate habitat restoration, water quality improvement, hydrological management, and
community engagement. This case study serves as a model for other regions grappling with wetland
degradation, emphasizing the potential for collaboration between government agencies, non-profit organizations,
and local communities to achieve lasting conservation success.
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