LET’S RECALL!

COMMUNICATION: AN OVERVIEW
LET’S RECALL
• Communication is multifunctional and could
be found everywhere.

• The Key Terms: Transmission; Two-way

Process; Human Interaction; Mutual
Understanding

• Power Communication is not just a right but is

an obligation.
LET’S RECALL

• Communication can be delivered through

verbal and / or nonverbal.

• Communication is a skill.

• With the help of communication, we can

always achieve our goals and dreams in life.
LET’S RECALL
 HOW’S YOUR
ONLINE CLASS?
Are You Having Fun?
ONLINE CLASS DILEMMA?
 HOW TO AVOID
MISCOMMUNICATION?
How does it feel to be misunderstood?
 THE PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
DO YOU TRUST THE PROCESS?
 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

• Communication is a two-way process having the

sender and receiver taking turns in transmitting
and receiving information.

• Other elements of communication including the

channel, context and even noise which serve as
the barrier of communication.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

Transmitting Listening Perceiving Reacting

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION: TRANSMITTING

• It aims to transfer information, ideas,

messages, values or even feelings to other
party for comprehensibility.

• Take Note: when we encode information, we

make sure that they understand exactly what
we want them to understand.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION: LISTENING

• It is the active phase in speech reception.

• This process could sometimes be a problem in

the communication process since people
involved in the communication may,
sometimes, not demonstrate effective listening
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION: PERCEIVING

• Perceiving takes place after we listen to what

has been transmitted.

• In this part, it is where the recipient will

decode and understand the information leading
to its understanding.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION: REACTING

• This is the last phase of the communication

process.

• It involves making response, asking,

questioning or verifying what has been
transmitted.
 THE MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
MOLDING MODELS!
INTRODUCTION

• Over the past years, due to the importance of communication, some experts
proposed their own models of communication.

• Here are the Models of Communication:

• Shannon-Weaver’s Model of Communication.
• The Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication
• Schramm’s Model of Communication
SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

• This was considered as one of the earliest

models of communication.

• This was introduced in 1948 by Claude

Shannon and Warren Weaver.
SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
BERLO’S SMCR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• This was introduced by David Berlo.

• It stresses on the relationship between the sender and

the receiver.

• The communication skills of the former and latter

should be at their best in order for the message to be
encoded and decoded efficiently.
BERLO’S SMCR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
 SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

• This was introduced by Wilbur Schramm (1954).

• It emphasized that both the sender and the

receiver take turns playing the role of the encoder
and the decider when it comes to communication.
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
 THE BARRIERS OF
COMMUNICATION
WHAT STOPS US FROM COMMUNICATING?
 INTRODUCTION

• There are three levels at which communication

takes place:

• Physical Level (Senses)

• Level of Intelligence (Understanding)
• Emotional Level (Acceptance)
 INTRODUCTION

• Factors involving the barriers of communication may

include:
• Environmental
• Technological
• Organizational
• External Noise
• Distance
 INTRODUCTION
• Factors involving the barriers of communication may
include (cont.):
• Personal Interests
• Misinterpretation
• Fear
• Stress
• Trust Issues
• Negative Self Image
 INTRODUCTION
• The barriers that hinders us from communicating effectively:
• Physical Barriers
• Perceptual Barriers
• Emotional Barriers
• Cultural Barriers
• Language Barriers
• Gender Barriers
• Interpersonal Barriers
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Physical Barrier

• It refers to the environment.

• Physical Barriers are mostly external forces.

• Example: Air conditioning units that are turned on.

Speaker’s distance among the audience.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Perceptual Barrier

• It may refer to personality differences which are

internal in nature.

• These barriers may either bring or alienate your

conversational partner towards or against you.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Perceptual Barrier

• Example: No matter how you explained well, as

long as your conversational partner doesn’t like
you, you may end up exerting efforts going
nowhere.

• Triggers and cues

COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Perceptual Barrier

• Example: if someone says they are "fine"

with a sarcastic tone or "ok" in a low
mumbling manner, they may not be fine or
ok.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Emotional Barrier

• It can be associated to how you deal with

people.

• That is why, we have to be careful of what

will come out in our mouth.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Emotional Barrier

• Example:

• Anxiety causes distractions

• Pride interferes with listening
• Anger affects thinking
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Cultural Barrier

• They come from a cultural clash.

• This communication stems from the thought that

there are barriers which are taken from a certain
influence or norms of the society.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Cultural Barrier

• Example:

• Stereotyping
• Companies address issues through direct
communication but some companies use
indirect communication
• Ethnocentrism
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Language Barrier

• These barriers seem pretty self-inherent but

there are often hidden language barriers that
we are not always aware of.

• Ex. Talking law jargons to the engineering

industry.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Language Barrier

• Other types:
• Language Differences
• Dialects and Accents
• Lack of clear speech (Too soft or too fast?)
• Technical Jargons
• Word Choice
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Gender Barrier

• These barriers have become less of an issue in

recent years, but there is still the possibility for
a man to misconstrue the words of a woman or
vice versa.

• Men and women communicate differently

COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Gender Barrier

• Example:

• In decision making process, women are

process-oriented and prefer gathering info
while men only prefer product-driven
communication style.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Gender Barrier
• (Disclaimer: Generalizations only; it doesn’t apply to all)

Men Talk… Women talk…

Tangible Things (e.g. sports, business,
food and drinks)
To give information rather than
asking questions
Known to be dealing with problems /
issues internally
Other people
Asks questions to gain an
understanding
More likely to talk to other women
when a problem / issue arises
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Interpersonal
Barrier

• These barriers are what ultimately keep us

from reaching out to each other and opening
ourselves up, not just to be heard, but to hear
others.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS: Interpersonal
Barrier

• Example:

• Lack of trust among team members

• Lack of participation
• Poorly-organized work environment