PHYSICAL OUTLOOK AND PHONE

CHARGER ADAPTER COMPONENT

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Introduction to Phone Charging

The phone charger is a companion to modern devices, serves as the power conduit
that bridges electrical outlets and smartphones. Compact and versatile, it transforms
electrical energy into a format compatible with mobile devices, ensuring seamless
charging. With its compact design and standardized USB interfaces, the phone
charger adapter has become an essential accessory, enabling users to replenish device
batteries conveniently. As technology continues to evolve, these adapters play a
crucial role in facilitating the constant connectivity that defines contemporary
lifestyles, highlighting their significance in powering the devices that keep us
connected and engaged.
Physical Diagram for Phone Charger Adapter
Components Involved in Phone Charger

Transformer Rectifier
The transformer is responsible for The rectifier converts alternating current (AC)
converting the input voltage from the power from the transformer into direct current (DC),
outlet to the required output voltage for the which is the type of electrical current used by
device. It steps down the voltage to a level electronic devices like phones.
suitable for charging the phone..
 Filtering Capacitor USB Port or Cable

This capacitor helps smooth out the DC voltage The USB port or cable is the interface
by storing and releasing electrical energy, through which the charger connects to the
ensuring a more stable and continuous power phone. It allows the transfer of power and
supply to the device. data between the charger and the device.
 Transistor
switch the current on and off, allowing the
charger to control the flow of electricity. This
switching operation is particularly important in
switched-mode power supplies (SMPS), a
common type of charger circuit used in phone
adapters.
Heat sink
In some chargers, especially those with higher
power ratings, a heat sink may be included to
dissipate heat generated during the charging
process, preventing overheating.
 Voltage regulator
The voltage regulator maintains a constant output
voltage, ensuring that the phone receives a steady
and safe level of power for charging. It prevents
voltage fluctuations that could potentially damage
the device.
Plug pin
The plug pins allow the charger to be connected
to a power outlet. They come in different
configurations depending on the region or
country's electrical standards.
 Resistor

act as a barrier to prevent excessive current from

reaching the connected device, protecting both
the charger and the phone from potential damage
due to overcurrent.
 Symbol of the components
Transformer

Capacitor

Rectifier
Voltage Regulator Resistor
Schematic Diagram for Phone Charger Adapter

How it work ?
1. The Transformer receive the supply
of 220-240 Volts and then convert
input voltage from the power outlet to
the required voltage of the device. In
other words its step down the voltage
to make sure the supply is suitable for
the device.

2. After the transformer step down the

voltage received, the supply voltage
then will be received by a Rectifier .
In this phase, the voltage are now
entering the converting circuit which
converting from Ac Supply to Dc
Supply.
3. After go through the rectifier, now the voltage will
flow into a regulator. The specific regulator that being
used are IC 7805. The IC 7805 is a voltage regulator that
provides a stable 5-volt DC output. It operates
within an input requiring a minimum input of 7-35
volts and The output voltage is regulated between 4.8-5.2
volts. Due to the 2-volt difference between input and
output, it releases heat. To prevent malfunctioning, most of
the phone charger adapter have a heat sink to prevent it
from overheat.
The current flow
Calculation