World War I

Прохорова Анастасия
Квятковская Эвелина
 Plan

• INTRODUCTION
• WAR BREAKS OUT
• THE WESTERN FRONT
• THE EASTERN FRONT AND THE MIDDLE
EAST
• THE WAR AT SEA
• THE WAR IN THE AIR
• EVENTS OF 1917
• THE TIDE TURNS
• THE PEACE
• List of the most popular films about WW1
• Questions
 INTRODUCTION

World War I lasted from 1914 to 1918. It was known at

first as the Great War and the War to End All Wars. It
was the largest war that the world had seen up to that
time.

The war was so bad that many people thought no one

would ever start another war. However, the results of
World War I helped to cause World War II, which broke
out in 1939.
WAR BREAKS OUT
A murder in the city of Sarajevo led to the war.
Sarajevo was the capital of Bosnia, a region of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire.

On July 28 Austria-Hungary declared war on

Serbia. Both countries asked for help from their
friends. Austria-Hungary’s friends were Germany
and Italy.

Russia protected it. Russia’s friends were France

and the United Kingdom (Great Britain). Their
group was called the Triple Entente.
THE WESTERN FRONT
Battlefields west of Germany were called the
Western Front. The Germans had hoped for an easy
victory on the Western Front. But in September
1914 the Allies forced back the Germans at the
First Battle of the Marne, near the Marne River in
France.

The First Battle of the Somme took place near the

Somme River in France from July to November.

In April 1915, at the Second Battle of Ypres, the

Germans used a poison gas called chlorine against
Allied troops. Both sides then tried other chemical
weapons.
THE EASTERN FRONT
AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Battlefields east of Germany were called the
Eastern Front.

• In 1914 Russian armies pushed west into

Germany and Austria-Hungary.
• The Germans responded to the Russian
advance with a crushing blow at the Battle of
Tannenberg in August 1914. Bulgaria then
joined the Central Powers.

An Allied force landed at Salonika (now

Thessaloníki) in Greece to help the Serbs.
However, the Allies made little progress until the
end of the war.
 THE WAR AT SEA

the British were not able to stop German submarines,

which were called U-boats.

In 1915 the Germans announced that they would try

to sink all enemy ships in British waters. On May 7,
1915, a German submarine sank the British
passenger ship Lusitania.

The submarine attacks hurt the United Kingdom. The

Allies tried to defend their supply ships by putting
guns on them. The United Kingdom alone lost
13,000 lives in these attacks.
THE WAR IN THE AIR

At first Germany used floating aircraft called

zeppelins, rather than airplanes, to bomb the
United Kingdom. Then the British built antiaircraft
guns to shoot down the zeppelins.

During the war both sides built several kinds of

warplanes. Fighter airplanes had machine guns to
shoot at other airplanes. In 1917 the Germans
started dropping bombs from airplanes
 EVENTS OF 1917

tThe Russian Revolution in 1917 changed the

Eastern Front.

the United States entered the war on the side of the

Allies. President Woodrow Wilson at first did not
want to go to war. He changed his mind because
Germany kept attacking U.S. supply ships.

The United States declared war on Germany on April

6, 1917.
 THE TIDE TURNS

During the winter of 1917–18, there were more

German soldiers than Allied soldiers on the
Western Front.

The Germans had some success at the Second

Battle of the Somme. However, the German troops
were worn out. After the Second Battle of the
Marne, in July 1918, the Allies had taken control of
the war.
THE PEACE

• In January 1919 the leaders of the Allies met in Paris, France, to create
a peace treaty. The treaty allowed Germany to keep only a small army
and navy.

• Germany was also forced to pay a large amount of money to the Allies.
In addition, the treaty started the League of Nations, an organization
that was supposed to prevent future wars.

• German and Allied representatives signed the Treaty of Versailles on

June 28, 1919.

• The League of Nations could not stop him. His actions eventually led
to World War II.
Churchill's First World War
Winston Churchill had a varied career during the
First World War. At the outbreak of war in 1914,
Churchill was serving as First Lord of the Admiralty.

• In 1917, under Prime Minister David Lloyd

George’s coalition government, Churchill was
appointed Minister of Munitions, a position he
held until January 1919.
• In 1919, shortly after the end of the war, he was
appointed Secretary of State for Air and War. In
this role he attended peace talks in Paris in 1919.
List of the most popular films about WW1

1. ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT (1930)

2. THEY SHALL NOT GROW OLD (2018)
3. THE LOST PATROL (1934)
4. THE BIG PARADE (1925)
5. DISHONORED (1931)
 Questions

1. In which territories did the main military operations take place?

2. Which countries were involved in this war?
3. When and where did the countries gather to adopt a peace treaty?