IN T E R A C T I O N I N

SO C IO L O G Y
BY: MALIHA ALAM
223518
INTERACTION BY DEFINITION

• A DYNAMIC SEQUENCE OF SOCIAL ACTIONS BETWEEN

INDIVIDUALS (OR GROUPS) WHO MODIFY THEIR ACTIONS AND
REACTIONS DUE TO ACTIONS BY THEIR INTERACTION PARTNER(S).
EXAMPLE

• TWO PERSONS COMING ACROSS EACH OTHER TO DISCUSS A

BUSINESS DEAL
COMMON FORMS OF INTERACTION

• EXCHANGE
• COOPERATION
• COMPETITION
• CONFLICT
EXCHNAGE
• MOST BASIC KIND

• WHENEVER PEOPLE INTERACT TO RECEIVE A REWARD OR A RETURN FOR THEIR ACTION

• BEHAVIOR THAT IS REWARDED IS LIKELY TO BE REPEATED HOWEVER IF THE COST OF PERFORMING THE ACTION OUTWEIGHS THE
REWARD, THE EXCHANGE GENERALLY STOPS

• THE REWARD CAN BE MATERIAL

FOR INSTANCE: MONEY
OR NON MATERIAL
FOR INSTANCE: A SIMPLE ‘THANK YOU’
COMPETITION

• THE PROCESS BY WHICH TWO OR MORE PEOPLE TRY TO ATTAIN A REWARD THAT CAN ONLY BE ATTAINED
BY ONE PERSON

• CORNERSTONE OF THE CAPITALISTIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

• CAN BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
COOPERATION
• WORKING TOGETHER TO ACHIEVE SHARED GOALS
• PRIMARY VALUE FOR GROUPS
• OFTENTIMES WORKS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PREVIOUS FORM OF INTERACTION COMPETITION
• EXAMPLE:
• A BASEBALL MATCH
CONFLICT
• CONFLICT IS THE SITUATION WHEN THERE IS A CLASH BETWEEN THE PERSONAL INTERESTS OF A GROUP
OR INDIVIDUAL

• ON A LARGER SCALE CONFLICT CAN RESULT FROM THE STRUGGLE FOR RESOURCES
• PART OF HUMAN NATURE
• CAN OCCUR FROM OTHER REASONS TOO , FOR INSTANCE, IF A PERSON FEELS OFFENDED
STATEGIES FOR ENHANCING INTERACTION

• EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS

• ACTIVE LISTENING
• EMPATHY AND UNDERSTANDING
• SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMS
CHALLENGES IN INTERACTION

• SIOCIAL ANXIETY AND SHYNESS

• COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
• DIGITAL COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES , FOR INSTANCE, CYBERBULLYING
ROLE OF INTERACTION IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

1.SOCIALIZATION: INTERACTIONS WITH FAMILY MEMBERS AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS HELP CHILDREN
LEARN SOCIAL NORMS, AND BEHAVIORS. THROUGH THESE INTERACTIONS, THEY UNDERSTAND
HOW TO COMMUNICATE, COOPERATE, AND FORM RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS.
2.EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: INTERACTIONS ALLOW INDIVIDUALS TO EXPRESS AND REGULATE
THEIR EMOTIONS. THROUGH INTERACTIONS, PEOPLE LEARN EMPATHY, UNDERSTANDING, AND HOW
TO MANAGE THEIR OWN EMOTIONS, WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL FOR HEALTHY SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.
3.COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: INTERACTIONS WITH OTHERS PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROBLEM-
SOLVING, CRITICAL THINKING, AND PERSPECTIVE-TAKING. THROUGH SOCIAL INTERACTIONS,
INDIVIDUALS LEARN TO UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT VIEWPOINTS, NEGOTIATE CONFLICTS, AND
DEVELOP COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY.
ROLE OF INTERACTION IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT