Unit01: Introduction to Administration

Dr. Afshan Jabeen

ajmalik54@gmail.com

Cell. 03026153270
Cell. 03127033905
Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, University of
Haripur, KPK.
Introduction:

• Administration

• “The process of formulation the broad objectives, plans & policies”.

• “Administration determines the specific goals & lays down the broad
areas within which those goals are to be achieved”.
• “Administration is a determined action taken in pursuit of a conscious
purpose. It is the systematic ordering of affairs and the calculated use
of resources aimed at making those things happen which one wants to
happen and foretelling to the contrary” (F.M. Marx).
 Administration
• The administration is a systematic process of administering the management of a business
organization, or any nonprofit organization. The main function of administration is the
formation of plans, policies, and procedures, setting up of goals and objectives, enforcing
rules and regulations, etc.

• Administration lays down the fundamental framework of an organization, within the

management of the organization functions.

• The nature of administration is bureaucratic. It is a broader term as it involves forecasting,

planning, organizing and decision-making functions at the highest level of the enterprise.
 Educational Administration

• Russel T. Gregg defines, "Educational administration is the process of

utilizing appropriate materials in such a way as to promote effectively the
development of human qualities. It is concerned not only with the
development of children and youth but also with the growth of adults and
particularly with the growth of school personnel.

Good's Dictionary of Education defines educational administration as,

"All those techniques and procedures employed in operating the educational
organization in accordance with established policies."
 Management

• “Achieving goals through others by directing them”.

• “Management is planning, organizing, leading & Controlling of human
& other resources to achieve organizational goals effectively &
efficiently”.
• Management is the coordination and administration of tasks to achieve a
goal. Such administration activities include setting the organization’s
strategy and coordinating the efforts of staff to accomplish these
objectives through the application of available resources.
• Management can also refer to the seniority structure of staff members
within an organization.
Cntnd.
• Management is defined as an act of managing people and their work,
for achieving a common goal by using the organization’s resources.
• It creates an environment under which the manager and his
subordinates can work together for the attainment of group objective.
• It is a group of people who use their skills and talent in running the
complete system of the organization.
• Management brings together 5M’s of the organization, i.e. Men,
Material, Machines, Methods, and Money. It is a result oriented
activity, which focuses on achieving the desired output.
Administration vs. Management
Administration
• Top level
• Policy formulation & objective
determination
• Decision making function
• Conceptual work
• Decides what is to be done & when
it is to be done.
• Broad and conceptual
• Planning, organizing & staffing
Management
• Lower level
• Policy execution for objective
achievement
• Executing function
• Technical work
• Decides who do it and how do it.
• Narrow and operational
• Direction, motivation & control
Cntnd.

• In 1923, the terminological conflict between the two terms was raised
by Oliver Sheldon in his book ‘The Philosophy of Management’
when he emphasized administration as decision-making function and
management as execution function. After that, this distinction between
the two terms was emphasized by many and the terminological
conflict proceeded further. Various views expressed in this regard have
led to the emergence of three approaches.
• Three Approaches for Management VS Administration

• Administration is above than management:

• Administration is a part of management;
• Management and administration are same.
Administration and Management are same.

• The general view is that administration relates to policy formulation

and management relates to policy execution and these two activities
are the same. For example, Spiegel states that:
• “Administration is that phase of a business enterprise that concerns
itself with the overall determination of institutional objectives and the
policies necessary to be followed in achieving those objectives.
Management, on the other hand, is an executive function which is
primarily concerned with carrying out broad policies laid down by the
administration.”
• Since these sets of functions are different, different types of persons
with different sets of qualities are required.
 ADMINISTRATION IS THE PART OF MANAGEMENT.
• There is another of thought which treats management as more comprehensive
function which includes administration also.
• EX: Brech has viewed, “Management is a generic name for the process of
executive control in industry or commerce.
• Administration is that part of management which is concerned with
installation & carrying out of the procedures by which it is laid down &
communicated, & the process of activities regulated & check against plans.”
Management & Administration are Same.
• Management & Administration are same, the difference between the two
terms lies mostly in their usage in different countries or different field of
human organizations,
• EX: Lipinski has made observation that:“The British conception seems to
be the general European usage in which management is given a broader
meaning than administration.
• In American usage, administration includes management & organization.”
• Management is normally used in business sphere. However, Whether
administration is used in non-business field & management is used in
business field.
• Does not make a fundamental distinction between the two because of
similarly of the process involved in these.
Administration is above than management
• Simply put, management can be understood as the skill of
getting the work done from others. It is not exactly same as
administration, which alludes to a process of effectively
administering the entire organization.
• Although the managers who are working on the top most level
are said to be the part of administration whereas the managers
working on the middle or lower level represents management.
So, we can say that administration is above management.
 Key Differences Between Management and Administration

• Management is a systematic way of managing people and things within the

organization. The administration is defined as an act of administering the
whole organizations by a group of people.
• 2. Management is an activity of business and functional level, whereas
Administration is a high-level activity.
• 3. While management focuses on policy implementation, policy formulation is
performed by the administration.
• 4. Functions of administration include legislation and determination.
Conversely, functions of management are executive and governing.
• 5. Administration takes all the important decisions of the organization while
management makes decisions under the boundaries set by the administration.
 Cntnd.
• A group of persons, who are employees of the organization, is collectively known as
management. On the other hand, administration represents the owners of the organization.
• 7. Management can be seen in the profit making organization like business enterprises.
Conversely, the Administration is found in government and military offices, clubs, hospitals,
religious organizations and all the non-profit making enterprises.
• 8. Management is all about plans and actions, but the administration is concerned with
framing policies and setting objectives.
• 9. Management plays an executive role in the organization. Unlike administration, whose
role is decisive in nature.
• 10. The manager looks after the management of the organization, whereas administrator is
responsible for the administration of the organization.
• 11. Management focuses on managing people and their work. On the other hand,
administration focuses on making the best possible utilization of the organization’s resources.
Conclusion.

• Theoretically, it can be said that both are different terms, but

practically, you will find that the terms are more or less same. You
would have noticed that a manager performs both administrative and
functional activities.
• Although the managers who are working on the top most level are said
to be the part of administration whereas the managers working on the
middle or lower level represents management. So, we can say that
administration is above than management.
Thank you for
listening