TYPE 2

DIABETES
GOCH AYIIK
 TYPE 2 DIABETES

• In Australia, type 2 diabetes is a significant health concern as well. According to the Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare, around 1.2 million Australians have diagnosed diabetes, with
type 2 diabetes being the most common form, accounting for around 85-90% of all cases.
Additionally, it's estimated that around 500,000 Australians have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Australia is also influenced by factors such as age, ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, and lifestyle choices, including diet and physical activity levels.
 NUTRIENT IMBALANCE IMPACT

• Fats: Excessive intake can lead to obesity, increasing the risk of insulin resistance.
• Protein: Helps regulate blood sugar levels and promotes satiety when consumed in moderation.
• Carbohydrates: High intake of refined carbs contributes to insulin resistance and elevated blood
sugar levels.
• Vitamins & Minerals: Play essential roles in metabolic processes, but excessive or deficient intake
can impact insulin sensitivity and overall health.
• Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes and promoting overall
health. It helps control blood sugar levels, reduces the risk of complications, and supports
optimal bodily functions.
 SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS
• Symptoms:
• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Increased hunger
• Unintended weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores

• Causes:
• Cells in muscle, fat and the liver become resistant to insulin As a result, the cells don't take in enough sugar.
• The pancreas can't make enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels within a healthy range.
 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
• Medical Interventions:
• 1. Oral Medications: These include medications like metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, and thiazolidinediones, which help lower
blood sugar levels by different mechanisms.
• 2. Injectable Medications: For some individuals, injectable medications like insulin or GLP-1 receptor agonists may be prescribed to control blood sugar
levels.
• 3. Regular Monitoring: Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly is essential to track how well the treatment is working and make adjustments as needed.
• 4. Management of Complications: Treatment also involves managing any complications associated with diabetes, such as high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, and heart disease.
• Lifestyle Interventions:
• 1. Healthy Eating: Adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help manage blood sugar levels.

• 2. Regular Physical Activity: Engaging in regular exercise, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, helps lower blood sugar levels and improves overall
health.
• 3. Weight Management: Losing excess weight and maintaining a healthy weight can improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control.
• 4. Stress Management: Managing stress through techniques like mindfulness, meditation, or relaxation exercises can help regulate blood sugar levels.
• 5. Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking reduces the risk of complications associated with diabetes, such as heart disease and stroke.
 AGE GROUPS
SUSCEPTIBLE
THE AGE GROUPS SUSCEPTIBLE OF TYPE 2
DIABETES INCLUDE CHILDREN ADOLESCENTS
AND YOUNG ADULTS
PREVENTION
STRATEGIES
• 1.Healthy Diet: Emphasise whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean
proteins, and healthy fats. Limit intake of sugary beverages, refined
carbs, and saturated fats.
• 2. Regular Physical Activity: Aim for at least 30 minutes of
moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week. This could include
brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.
• 3. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Losing even a small amount
of weight if you’re overweight can significantly reduce your risk of
developing type 2 diabetes.
• 4. Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: Regularly monitor your
blood sugar levels, especially if you’re at high risk for diabetes.
• 5. Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can
contribute to weight gain and increase the risk of developing type 2
diabetes.
• 6. Quit Smoking: Smoking is associated with an increased
risk of type 2 diabetes, so quitting can help lower your risk.