21ST CENTURY

LITERATURE FROM
THE PHILIPPINES AND
THE WORLD QUARTER
1 – MODULE 3:
ELEMENTS of
Philippine Literary
Genres
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1. _______ a formal address or discourse delivered to an audience.

A. speech B. plot C. stanza D. essay

2. _______ refers to the series of events which have causal relationship

with others.

A. conflict B. foreshadowing C. drama D. speech

3. ______ are techniques that the writers creatively present the events in
the story.
A. fiction B. plot devices C. meter D. rhyme
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4. ______ is a plot device where the story moves away from
the current events happening in the story to a time in the
past.
A. flashback B. plot C. line break D. stanza

5. ______ is a plot device where the writer presents an image or a scene

which gives the reader clues as to events which will happen in the future.
A. drama B. foreshadowing C. plot D. fiction
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
Knowledge: Discuss the literary genres, literary elements
and structure.

Skills: compare and contrast pre-colonial literary forms from

contemporary literary forms in terms of genre, elements,
structure and tradition.

Attitude: perform the different tasks with confidence.

Five Main
GENRES OF
LITERATURE
1. POETRY
is a literary type that is merely
always written in stanzas and
lines creating a unique look on
the page.
2. DRAMA
is any text meant to be performed
rather than read.
3. PROSE
is any kind of written text that is
not poetry.
4. NON-FICTION
a vast category that is a type of
prose that includes many different
sub-genres. It can be creative such
as personal essays or factual, such
as scientific paper.
5. MEDIA
the newest type of literature that has been
defined as a distinct genre. This categorization
was created to encompass the many new and
important kinds of texts in our society today
such as movies and films, websites,
commercials, billboards, and radio programs.
ELEMENTS
OF
LITERATUR
E
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I. ELEMENTS OF PLOT
is the sequence of events in a story
which often have a causal
relationship with each other.
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PLOT DEVICES
are techniques that the writer uses
to creatively present the events in
the story
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 FLASHBACK
is a plot device where the story
moves away from the current
events happening in the story to a
time in the past.
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 FORESHADOWING
is a plot device where the story
presents an image or a scene
which gives the reader clues as to
events which will happen in the
future.
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 EXPOSITION
refers to character (s) introduced,
setting, goals, motivation , stakes
established .
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 RISING ACTION
refers to conflicts, struggles, and
blocks to the goal or journey.
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 CLIMAX
is the turning point. Battle is won
or lost. Resolution to the conflict
occurs or is made possible.
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 RESOLUTION OR
DENOUEMENT
refers to the problem, conflict
(usually ) resolved, enemy
vanquished, goal reached ( or not ).
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II. CHARACTERS
Persons who are involved in the
story.
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III. POINT OF VIEW

refers to how the story is being
told / narrated.
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IV. TONE / MOOD

Tone refers to the author’s attitude, stated or
implied, toward a subject while mood is the
climate of feeling in a literary work. The
choice of setting, objects, details, images and
words all contribute towards creating a
specific mood.
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V. SYMBOLISM
refers to a person, place or object
which has meaning but suggests
other meanings as well.
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VI. THEME
is the main idea or underlying
meaning of a literary work. A
theme may be stated or implied.
Structure
of Poetry
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1. STANZA
is a group of lines in a poem. It is often
called a “verse”.
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2. RHYME
is a pattern of words that contain similar
sounds.
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3. METER
is the rhythmic structure of a poem.
Sometimes you can feel the meter by
tapping for each syllable.
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4. LINE BREAK
is where a line of poetry ends. It causes
the reader to pause and will determine
how the poem is read.
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ASSESSMEN
T
DIRECTION: In general, how do
you compare literature during the
pre-colonial time and the
contemporary period. Write your
answer in an essay form. You will be
grade using the rubrics below.
Strongly Evident Not
Evident Evident
(5pts) (4pts) (3pts)
Clarity of
Content

Organization

Correct
Conventions
THANK YOU!
 REFERENCES
Books
Agustin,Roy Tristan B.et.al. 21st Century Literature From the
Philippines and the World. Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc., 2016.
Uychoco, Marikit Tara A. 21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, 2016.
Online Sources
www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&e1. n.d.
tagaloglang.com/philippine-geography-song/ (accessed June 24,
2020).
Bethelmy, LC. www. frontiersin.org. March 13, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00509 (accessed June 23, 2020)