VOLCANOES

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Describe the different
types of volcanoes and
volcanic eruption
What is A Volcano?
~An opening in the earth's crust
through which molten lava, ash,
and gases are ejected.
~A similar opening on the surface
of another planet.
~A mountain formed by the
materials ejected from a
volcano.
Types Of Volcanoes
~ Shield Volcano
~ Cinder Cone Volcano
~ Composite Volcano
~ Caldera Volcano
~ Fissure Volcano
Shield volcanoes can span across
hundreds of miles and they can be huge
vertically that they can reach the clouds
of earth very easy. Shield volcanoes
have a slow slope and consist of frozen
lava after it is hardened. Shield
volcanoes almost always have large
craters at their summit.
Cinder cone volcanoes consist of mostly loose,
grainy cinders and have very little to no lava.
Cinder cone volcanoes are normally small
about a miles span and about one thousand
feet vertically. Cinder cone volcanoes have
fairly steep slopes and normally have a small
crater at the top.
Composite volcanoes have another
name called “Strato Volcanoes.”
Composite volcanoes consist of lava that
is mixed with sand or gravel which in
turn creates cinders or volcanic ash.
Caldera volcanoes are circular depressions
in the ground over a magma chamber.
Sometimes the depression in Caldera
volcanoes are covered in with lava and
volcanic ash making it hard to recognize.
This type of volcano is easier noticed from
space due to the distance and view point.
When this volcano erupts it can spew
volcanic rocks for miles and miles.
Fissure volcanoes are also hard to recognize
from the ground and sometimes from space.
Fissure volcanoes have no main crater, the
ground just splits and lava pours out
through the cracks. After a fissure volcano
erupts and has cooled because it’s a solid it
will look mainly like the plains.
Types Of Magma

Granite magma consist of light-

colored rock and is not as
heavy as basalt magma.
Granite magma is very sticky
and flows rather slowly.
Types Of Magma

Basalt magma consist of

dark-colored rocks and is
much heavier then granite
magma. It flows more
fluidly then molten granite.
Volcano Environments
~In an island-arc
environment, volcanoes
lie along the crest of an
arcuate.
~In an oceanic
environment, volcanoes
are aligned along the crest
of a broad ridge that
marks an active fracture
system in the oceanic crust.
~In the continental
environment, volcanoes are
located unstable,
mountainous belts that
have thick roots of granite
or granite like rock.
Where are volcanoes likely to
occur?

Volcanoes occur in weak spots in the

earth’s crust
There are many volcanoes along the
Pacific Ocean.
Many islands in the Pacific Ocean are
actually
volcanoes.
They form a ring around the ocean
which is called the “Pacific Belt of
Fire.”
Although there are some other
“belts of fire”, the
“Pacific Belt of Fire” is the biggest.
There are approximately five
hundred active volcanoes, that are
known, lying in these belts.
Volcanoes aren’t just a thing from
earth they also happen on other
planets as seen in this picture. But
while on other planets there is no
destruction as we have seen from
volcanoes on earth.
Volcanoes In Other Places

Mariner 9 imagery of Olympus

Mons volcano on Mars
 When and how do eruptions occur?

Steam and gases from magma in the earth create

bubbles that expand and burst when the pressure
above them is lessened. These bubbles usually burst
with a tremendous force that along with escaping
gas comes magma too. In some cases, it takes years
for the magma to break through the surface of the
earth.The first recorded eruption was in 781 (Fuji,
Honshu, Japan)The most recent recorded eruption was
in 2002 (Etna, Sicily, Italy)
 Why do eruptions occur?

Eruptions occur when underground

pressure is
released when blocks of the earth’s
crust shift.
For example, earthquakes.
Damages
The most devastating destruction from volcanoes
is the tremendous loss of life. Following an
eruption in 1815, there were 56 000 people killed
by a tidal wave from a eruption. Lava from the
volcano is hot enough to catch everything in its path
on fire, even the ash from a volcano is hot enough
to start fires. Lahar can wash away houses and
uproot trees. Magma can give off poisonous gases
such as carbon monoxide. Damages from
volcanoes are very expensive to repair or replace.
Our Own Model Of An Erupting
Volcano
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