1.

3 MOVEMENT AT JOINTS
1. KNOW THE FOUR MAIN PAIRS OF MOVEMENT
AROUND A JOINT.
2. UNDERSTAND THAT EACH MOVEMENT CAN GO
IN AT LEAST TWO DIRECTIONS AND KNOW THE
NAMES OF EACH OF THESE DIRECTIONS.
3. PROVIDE SPORTING EXAMPLES FOR EACH OF
THESE TYPES OF MOVEMENT.
Flexion: Bending a part of the body to decrease the angle at a
joint e.g. doing a bicep curl

Extension: Straightening a part of the body to increase the angle at a

joint. E.g. at the elbow when putting a shot put .
Abduction: A sideways movement away from the centre of the
body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder joints during a
jumping jack movement.
EXAM TIP:
ABDUCTION= abduct/take away/ absent from the centre line of
the body

ADDUCTION= ‘adding’ a limb to the centre line of the body

Adduction: A sideways movement towards the centre of the body. This occurs at the
hip and shoulder, returning the arms and legs back to their original position from a
jumping jack movement.
Rotation: A turning point around an imaginary line or the midline of
the body. This occurs in the hip in golf while performing a drive shot or
turning the head from left to right

ROTATION

Circumduction is where the end of a bone moves in a circle. As the limb is making a
circle or circumference, it forms a cone shape from the joint to the end of the bone. E.g.
swinging your arms in a circle at your shoulder.
Plantar Flexion: Movement in the ankle joint that points the foot away
from the leg. This movement only occurs at the ankle, for example,
pointing the toes in ballet, or planting your foot to the ground while
running

Dorsiflexion: Movement in the ankle where the toes are brought

closer to the shin. E.g. Doing a heel dig in aerobics.
Movement type Joint Sporting example
Flexion Ball and socket (hip) -Bicep curl (Elbow)
Hinge joint (Elbow , Knee) -Striking the ball in football (Hip)
-During the running stride (Knee)
Extension Ball and socket joint (hip) -Blocking a spike in volleyball (Elbow )
Hinge joint (Elbow , Knee) -Long jump take off (Hip)
-Striking a football (Knee joint)
Adduction Ball and socket joint (hip, -Breaststroke kick (legs)
Shoulder) -A still ring routine in Gymnastics ( Shoulder)
-Passing with the instep in football (hip)
Abduction Ball and socket joint (hip, -Butterfly stroke (Shoulder)
Shoulder) -Goal keeper save (Shoulder)
-Sideways lunge in badminton (hip)
Rotation Ball and socket joint (hip, -Turning the head to breathe in front crawl (Shoulder)
Shoulder) -Pivoting in netball (Hip joint)
-Topspin forehand in table tennis (Shoulder)
Circumduction Ball and socket joint (Shoulder, -Front crawl in swimming (Shoulder)
Hip,Ankle) -Bowling in cricket (Shoulder)
-Serving in tennis (Shoulder)
Dorsiflexion Ankle joint -Doing a heel dig in aerobics
-During the running stride (just before planting the heel on the ground)

Plantar Flexion Ankle joint -Gymnast pointing their toes

-Long jump take off
-Striking the ball with the laces in football
 Task 2: Label the movement at each joint
Left hand: Involves
Neck: Involves the vertebrae. It Left elbow: Involves the
carpals metacarpals and
rotates along the axis and atlas humerus, radius and
phalanges. It is flexed.
planes. ulna. It is a hinge joint.
Ankles: Involve the tarsals and It is extended.
metatarsals. There is plantar
flexion occurring at each ankle.

Knees: Involves the femurs,

tibias and fibulas. These are
hinge joints in a flexed
position.
Right wrist: Involves the
carpals. The wrist is
Make reference to the
flexed.
bones involved, the
joint type, and the range
of movement occurring. Right hip: Involves the Right elbow: Involves
pelvis and femur. This is a humerus, radius and
ball and socket joint. There is ulna. The hinge joint is
abduction. flexed.
 Homework:
►Find a picture of athlete performing a skill.
►Annotate the image :
►All the major joints
►The movement at the major joints
►The bones involved in the movement