Globalization Theories

Views about globalization

• It is often associated with economy.
• Industrial North vs. the Developing
South
• It destroys local cultures
• It widens world inequalities
• Poor becoming more poorer
http://rethinkingprosperity.org/economic-globalization-a-double-edged-sword/
 Importance of understanding globalization
(Longhorne, 2001)
1. The process and the results of globalization are changing the way
we live our lives on a personal basis
2. To enlighten us about its meaning.

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 Globalization Theories
• World-system theory- a perspective developed by Immanuel
Wallerstein in the 1970s.
• Modern nation states are all part of the world-system of capitalism,
and it is this world-system that Wallerstein seeks to understand.
Wallerstein believes that there are only three basic types of social
systems:
- Mini-systems
- World empires
- World-economies
• Wallerstein divides the
capitalist world- economy
into three areas:
- Peripheral areas.
- Semi-peripheral
- Core states

Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/3622996/
Globalization Theories
Three main stances theorizing globalization
1. The hyperglobalist approach
2. skeptical approach
3. Transformationalist approach
Globalization Theories
Three main stances theorising globalisation
1. The hyperglobalist approach
- world has entered a 'truly global age' leading to 'global capitalism'
(Tikly, 2001, p.153).
- neo-liberal agenda (Held, 2004 (a), p.4)
- open market (Waks, 2003, p.384).
https://focusweb.org/resisting-neoliberalism/
 https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?
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Source: https://m.inquirer.net/business/258373
2. Skeptical approach-
- questions the effectiveness of
trading blocs
https://www.ethiopianimporter.com/contentimageexport/trade-2.png
- Did not accept any global
changes/The world is just the
same.
- Have led to greater polarization

https://www.slideshare.net/graceedward/demographic-attributes-of-
developed-developing-and-3rd-world-countries
3. Transformational approach-
- represents intermediary and more balanced view of globalization.
- agree with the hyperglobalists view of 'global interconnectedness'
- recognize the all-pervasive nature of globalization process (Tikly,
2001).
- Globalization promotes economic, cultural and political integration
- on the other hand it causes stratification distancing 'First World' from 'Third
World' (Taylor et al., 1997, p.62).
Source: The Developmental Process. http://mcleankids.wikifoundry.com/page/The+Developmental+Process+A_P
 • Very often many transition
countries depend on external
aid and this creates the ground
for policy borrowing without
contestation of the reform
initiative and policy agenda as
to the compatibility to the local
context.
• In most cases, through the
involvement of the World Bank
and the International Monetary
Fund, education policies are
influenced by 'research and
development in Anglo-Saxon
https://udayindia.in/2015/03/14/governments-discomfort- countries' (Sahlberg, 2006,
over-ngos/ p.263).
Source: Globalization and Education in a Post-Colonial World
https://giedrexel.weebly.com/approaches.html
References

• Gang, Bushan. 2013. Globalization.

https://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/finalglobe-140905003709-ph
papp02.pdf?response-content-disposition=attachment&Signature=5QjJ
x9YRK%2BUmYNfmwkiiAIBy3ds%3D&Expires=1547511007&AWSAccess
KeyId=AKIAIA5TS2BVP74IAVEQ

• Elwel, Frank W. Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory.

https://faculty.rsu.edu/users/f/felwell/www/Theorists/Essays/Wallerste
in1.htm

• Parjanadze, Nikoloz. 2009. Globalization Theories and Their Effect on

• Bernanke, Ben S. 2006. Global economic integration - what's new and
what's not? Remarks by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of
Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Federal Reserve
Bank of Kansas City's Thirtieth Annual Economic Symposium, Jackson
Hole, Wyoming. https://www.bis.org/review/r060830a.pdf