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CYCLONE

DISASTER
MANAGEMENT Presented by : Group 6
 CONTENTS 2/21

• What are Cyclones?

• Differences between Cyclone, Typhoon and Hurricane.
• Types of Cyclones.
• How are Cyclones Formed?
• What causes a Cyclone to occur?
• Effects of Cyclones.
• Mitigation measures for Cyclones.
• Precautionary measures before and during a Cyclone.
• After the Cyclone passes.
 What are Cyclones? 3/21

• Cyclone refers to any spinning storm that rotates

around a low-pressure center. The low-pressure EYEWA Eye
center is also referred to as the ‘eye’ of the storm, LL OUTFLOW

which is well known for being eerily calm

compared with the areas under the spinning ‘arms’
of the storm.
• Eye of the cyclone: The eye is a region of mostly
calm weather at the center of a cyclone. The eye of
a storm is a roughly circular area, typically 30–65 SPIRAL
RAINBAN
kilometers (19–40 miles) in diameter. DS

• Eyewall: The area of extreme turbulence

immediately surrounding the eye of a cyclone.
CYCLONE
• Rain bands: Surrounding the eye wall are the WINDS
WARM, MOIST AIR

spiraling rain bands. The rain bands are capable of

producing heavy bursts of rain and wind.
 Differences between Cyclone, Typhoon and
Hurricane 4/21

Cyclone is a storm of low area with high winds rotating like a

circle, as cyclone origins from Greek word “Kuklos” that
means circle or wheel. It moves from high atmospheric
pressure to low.
Typhoon and Hurricane are a type of cyclone.
• Typhoon: Typhoon is just a violent storm with lots of winds,
which can uproot many trees.
• In the northwestern Pacific, the southeastern Indian Ocean,
and southwestern Pacific the same powerful storms are
called “typhoons
• Hurricane: Hurricane is violent wind storm, with a diameter
of 500-1000 miles. It moves at 80-130 m.p.h.
• In the Atlantic and northern Pacific, the storms are called
“hurricanes,” after the Caribbean god of evil, named
Hurrican.
 Types of Cyclones 5/21
There are four types of cyclones, and they are:
• Tropical cyclone
• Polar cyclone
• Mesocyclone
• Extratropical cyclone

• Tropical cyclone: Majorly formed from clouds and thunderstorms, a Tropical cyclone is a
rotating system majorly originating from the subtropical or tropical regions. The surface water
with elevated temperature evaporates and releases energy when the moving air condenses into
clouds. Tropical cyclones develop between 5 to 30 degrees of latitude. For example,
Hurricanes found in Atlantic and Northeast pacific and typhoons found in Northwest pacific.
Cyclones are categorized according to wind speeds and the damage they cause.

Category 1: Wind speeds between 90 and 125 kilometres per hour.

• Category 2: Wind speeds between 125 and 164 kilometres per hour.
 6/21
Category 3: Wind speeds between 165224 kilometres per hour.
Category 4: Wind speeds between 225 and 279 kilometres per hour.
• Category 5: Wind speeds over 280 kilometres per hour.

• Polar Cyclone: Polar cyclones are also known as the “Arctic hurricanes” in the Northern
Hemisphere. This is due to their energy sources. The heat is transferred from water to air
and the latent heat is released in the form of cloud condensation. Polar cyclones are
cyclones that occur in polar regions like Greenland, Siberia, and Antarctica.

• Mesocyclone: Mesocyclone is when part of a thunderstorm cloud starts to spin, which may
eventually lead to a tornado. ‘Meso’ means ‘middle’. Tornadoes all come from
thunderstorm clouds, but not all thunderstorm clouds make tornadoes. For a tornado to
occur, part of that cloud must spin, and though we cannot really see this happening, this is
the intermediate, or ‘meso’ step from regular cloud to dangerous spinning cloud running
along the ground. It is one of the strong thunderstorms.
 7/21

TROPICAL POLAR CYCLONE

CYCLONE

MESOCYCLON EXTRATROPICAL
E CYCLONE
 8/21

• Extratropical Cyclone: Extratropical cyclone is also known as ‘Midlatitude Cyclones’.

The cyclones that are formed in the middle latitudes along the frontal boundaries are
either known as an extratropical cyclone or a mid-latitude cyclone. The winds of the
extratropical cyclone are weaker however, the temperature gradients are sharp. The
nor’easter is an example of the extratropical cyclone that impacts the east coast of the
United States. Midlatitude Cyclones are often larger than the usual hurricanes though
their winds are weak.
 Formation of Cyclones 9/21
Warm, moist air over the ocean rises due to less density. This
air rises up and away from the ocean surface, leaving less air
near the surface, creating a low-pressure zone.
Due to the surrounding high-pressure areas, air flows into this
low-pressure area and eventually warms up, forming a cycle.
This cycle makes the warm air above the ocean rise and cool
the water below to generate clouds. With the constant heating
and evaporating process, the entire cloud and wind system
spins and grows.
With more speed, cyclone eye formation takes place in the
centre. This zone signifies the lowest air pressure and is calm
and clear. The high-pressure air from above flows down into
this region.
• When the wind’s rotating speed reaches 63 kmph, it is
called a tropical storm. However, when wind speed reaches
119 kmph, tropical cyclone formation takes place.
 What causes a Cyclone to occur? 10/21

The factors responsible for cyclone

formation are–

Warm Temperature at sea surfaces.

Coriolis force impact area that forms a
low-pressure zone.
Atmospheric instability.
Increased humidity in the lower to
middle levels of the troposphere.
• Small variation in vertical wind.
• Pre-existing low Pressure area.
 Effects of Cyclones 11/21
Cyclones bring destruction to life and
property. It is characterized by heavy
rains and strong winds.
• Storm surge: It is an abnormal rise
of sea level near the coast caused by a
severe tropical cyclone resulting in
inundation of low lying areas of
coastal regions. It drowns human
beings and live-stock, erodes beaches
and embankments, destroys
vegetation and reduces soil fertility.

STORM SURGE
 12/21
• Floods: Heavy and continued rains due to cyclones
may cause floods and submergence of low lying areas
resulting in loss of life and property. Floods and
coastal inundation pollute drinking water sources
causing eruption of epidemics.

• Strong winds: Very strong winds may damage

infrastructure, dwellings, communication systems,
trees etc. vandalizing life and property. It affects
normal functioning of life.

• Crop: It damages crops, which could lead to inflation.

• Decline in tourist: Tourist will not come to a cyclone

affected area, thereby affecting livelihood of people.
 13/21
• Storm churn: By churning up cold
water, tropical cyclones tend to leave a
cold wake behind them that can depress
ocean temperature and thus, stifling
trailing storm.

• Psychological impact: Disaster of any STORM CHURN

kind has long lasting fear on minds of
masses. They have witness large
number of deaths, collapse of
infrastructure, cries, pains and many
sorrows.
 Mitigation measures for Cyclones 14/21
Mitigation means measures taken prior to the impact of a disaster to minimize
its effects. Mitigation measures for cyclone include both structural and non-
structural measures.
• Hazard mapping: A hazard map will illustrate the areas vulnerable to the
cyclone. It will be useful to estimate the severity of the cyclone and
potential damage intensities in the region. The map is prepared with data
inputs of past climatological records, history of wind speed, frequency of
flooding etc.
• Land use planning: Land use planning should be systematically
considered for cyclones so that least critical activities are placed in
vulnerable areas.
Policies should be in place to regulate land use and enforcement of
buildingcodes.Vulnerable areas should be kept for parks, grazing
groundsor flood diversion instead of human settlements.
• Cyclone Shelters: Cyclone Shelters are necessary for areas vulnerable to
recurrent cyclones
HAZARD 15/21
MAPPING

COMMUNITY CYCLONE SHELTERS

• Engineered structures: Structures need 16/21
to be built to withstand wind forces.
Good site selection is also important.
The public infrastructures including
buildings for electricity services,
communication facilities, hospitals,
schools, rural healthcare centres and
community centres should be
engineered structures.

• Flood management: Flooding will

result from a cyclonic storm.
Embankments along the rivers, sea
walls along the coasts may keep water
away from the flood plains. Water flow
can be regulated through construction of
reservoirs, check dams and alternate
drainage channels/routes.
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• Mangrove plantation: Mangroves protect

the coastal area from storm surge and wind
which accompanied with cyclones. The
tangle of branches slows the flow of water.

• Retrofitting Non-engineered Structures:

A large portion of Indian people lives in
self-designed non-engineered buildings.
The knowledge on how to strengthen non-
engineered buildings should be shared
with the community.
 Precautionary measures before 18/21
and during a Cyclone
• Precautionary measures before a Cyclone:
1. Check the strength and stability of buildings, reinforce
all the fragile and breakable parts of the house such
as doors, windows and roofs.
2. Cut and remove all unsafe dead and dying branches
around buildings.
3. Clean up the roof, rain gutters, drain channels and
floor drains.
4. Secure all light and loose objects that may be thrown
around by the strong wind.
5. Be careful and make sure no heavy objects are
blocking the emergency exits.
6. Know the contact numbers of family members and
arrange a meeting point.
7. Listen to official news and instructions from the 19/21
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.
8. Prepare an emergency kit.

• Precautionary measures during a Cyclone:

1. Close all doors and windows and make sure that they
cannot break with the wind.
2. Protect windows with adhesive tape to avoid breaking
glass doors or windows.
3. To prevent injuries by breaking glass, stay away from
glass doors and windows.
4. Listen to officially released news and follow the
instructions.
5. Turn off electricity in possible flooding areas.
6. Be prepared to move to safe places, if you are living in
coastal/flood prone areas.
7. Take pets with you if possible and do not bind if not
necessary.
 After the Cyclone passes 20/21

• Beware of damaged cables, power lines and

tree branches. Inform the relevant authority
and help clarify.
• Clean up mud and dirty water after
withdrawal of the cyclone.
• Check buildings, water pipes, power lines
and other connecting lines for damages.
• Dry out the parts of the building that could
be damaged by mould or pest.
• Avoid contact with flooded areas as
electricity may flow from damaged power
lines.
• Wear appropriate footwear to avoid injuries
from sharp objects.
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THANKYO
U