HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD

Prepared by: Latrell Liao

Eloisa A. Alonzo
Maria Daniela Brazil
What is Hydro meteorological
Hazard?
• Hydro-meteorological Hazard Phenomenon of
atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature
that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and
services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage
 EXAMPLES OF
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD
• TROPICAL CYCLONE
• MONSOON
• FLOODS
• TORNADO
• EL NIÑO
• LA NIÑA
 TROPICAL CYCLONE

• A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by

a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation,
strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that
produce heavy rain.
• tropical cyclone is referred to by different names, including hurricane
typhoon tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, and
simply cyclone.
 MONSOON

• Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind

accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation.
• the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally
changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase. The
term is sometimes incorrectly used for locally heavy but short-term
rains.
 TYPES OF MONSOON

•Summer Monsoon
•Winter Monsoon
 SUMMER MONSOON
• The summer monsoon is associated with heavy rainfall. It usually
happens between April and September. As winter ends, warm, moist
air from the southwest Indian Ocean blows toward countries like
India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. The summer monsoon
brings a humid climate and torrential rainfall to these areas.
 WINTER MONSOON
• The Indian Oceans winter monsoon, which lasts from October to
April, is less well-known than its rainy summer equivalent. The dry
winter monsoon blows from the northeast. These winds start in the
air above Mongolia and northwestern China.
 FLOODS
• A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually
dry. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to
the inflow of the tide. Floods are an area of study of the discipline
hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil
engineering and public health.
 TYPES OF FLOODS
• Coastal Flooding
• River Flooding
• Flash Flooding
• Groundwater Flood
• Drain and Sewer Flooding
 Coastal Flooding
• Coastal areas often bear the brunt of severe storms, especially if
these have gathered pace over the oceans. Extreme weather and high
tides can cause a rise in sea levels, sometimes resulting in coastal
flooding.
 River Flooding
• River flooding is one of the most common types of inland flood;
occurring when a body of water exceeds its capacity. When a river
‘bursts its banks’ - typically due to high rainfall over a prolonged
period of time - localized flooding can cause considerable damage to
surrounding properties, as well as posing a significant safety threat.
To prevent flooding, rivers needs good defenses, especially in flat or
populous areas.
 Flash Flooding

• Flash Flooding Caused by heavy and sudden rainfall, flash flooding

happens when the ground cannot absorb the water as quickly as it
falls. This type of flood usually subsides quickly, but while it lasts can
be fast-moving and dangerous. Flash flooding can be prevented by
good drainage systems and by avoiding over-development on
floodplains.
 Groundwater Flood
• Groundwater Flood
• As opposed to flash floods, groundwater flooding takes time to occur.
As rain falls over an extended period, the ground becomes saturated
with water until it cannot absorb any more. When this happens,
water rises above the ground’s surface and causes flooding. This type
of flooding can last for weeks or sometimes even months.
 Drain and Sewer Flooding

• Sewer floods are not always attributed to the weather. As well as

rainfall, they could occur as a result of a blockage or similar failure
within the drainage system. Drain and sewer flooding may be internal
(within a building) or external
 TORNADO
• A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with
both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare
cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.
• Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes.
 Types of Tornadoes
• WATERSPOUT
• GUSTNADO
• FIRE TORNADOES
• MULTI-VORTEX TORNADO
• LANDSPOUT
 WATERSPOUTS
• Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water, or move from land
to water. They have the same characteristics as a land tornado. They
are associated with severe thunderstorms, and are often
accompanied by high winds and seas, large hail, and frequent
dangerous lightning.
 TYPES OF WATERSPOUT
• Non-tornadic Waterspout The most common type of waterspouts are
of the non-tornadic kind and do not develop from a supercell
thunderstorm. These waterspouts often dissipate within 15 to 20
minutes from the time they are formed. Also called fair-weather
waterspouts, the non-tornadic waterspouts feature very low on the
Enhanced Fujita scale, often EF0.
• Tornadic waterspouts are the ones forming over water and exhibiting
similar patterns to the tornadoes forming on land. This type is not
very common even if the tornadoes forming on land and later
entering water are included.
 GUSTNADO
• The word gustnado is a combination of 'gust front tornado'. It is not
an official term and has yet to be accepted by meteorologists globally.
A gustnado is a short-lived whirl of dust and debris lasting from a few
seconds to minutes. These tornadoes does not possess a
condensation funnel do not always connect the surface to the base of
the closest cloud base. Hence, whether to classify them as a tornado
is still debated upon by various meteorologists.
 FIRE TORNADOES
• A fire tornado, also known as fire whirl, fire twister, or firenado is a
whirlwind which is made up of ash or flame. Fire tornadoes begin
with a swirl of smoke or wind. They usually occur when the turbulent
wind conditions combine with the increasing heat from the fire to
create a rotating eddy of air.
 MULTI-VORTEX TORNADO
• A tornado is termed as multiple-vortex when it has more than one
vortex rotating around the main vortex. Here, the other vortices
rotate around the axes; the vortices themselves rotate in the
peripheral region of the eye of the tornado.
 LANDSPOUT
• A landspout is similar to waterspout, only difference being that it is
formed on land. This type of tornado has an extremely narrow funnel
resembling a rope and is formed in the initial stage of thunderstorm
formation, where the spinning movement is developed close to the
surface of the ground. The National Weather Service has termed this
type as 'dust-tube tornadoes'. Landspouts are generally formed in dry
areas and possess overall same mechanism as that of a waterspout.
 EL NIÑO
• El Niño is a climate cycle in the Pacific Ocean with a global impact on
weather patterns.
• El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in
the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (between
approximately the International Date Line and 120°W), including the
area off the Pacific coast of South America.
 LA NIÑA
• La Niña is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the
colder counterpart of El Niño, as part of the broader El Niño–
Southern Oscillation climate pattern. The name La Niña originates
from Spanish, meaning "the little girl"