Contents:

 Introduction to Rapid Prototyping

 Types of Rapid Prototyping
 Fused Deposition Modeling
 SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS)
 REFERENCES
 Rapid prototyping

 Rapid prototyping is a strategy used throughout the product development process. 3-

dimensional prototypes of a product are created and tested.
 Early changes save time and costs.
 Manufacturer get early feedback of product.
 Validation before development of final product.
 User research and user testing.
 Slicing
Steps in Rapid CAD solid Conversio and Post
Prototyping modeling n to stl.file Fabricatio processing
n

Rapid
Prototyping

Fused
Selective Laser Stereo Multi Jet
Deposition
Sintering Lithography Modeling
Modelling
 FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM)

o FDM works on additive principle by laying down material in layers, a plastic

filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to produce
a part.
o In FDM, a part is manufactured by selectively depositing melted material layer
by layer in a path defined by the CAD model.
 How does FDM works?

o The 3D printers that work on FDM technology consist of the printer

platform, a nozzle and the raw material in the form of a filament.
o The printer platform is typically made of some metal, ceramic or hard
plastic, and each successive layer is deposited on this platform.
o The nozzle of FDM printers is attached to a mechanical chassis.
o Allowed to move in X, Y and Z dimensions by a motorized system. The
stepper motor is used to advance the thermoplastic material into the
nozzle.
o Computer controls that movement.
Continued...
The next extruded
The raw material is layer fuses with
Deposited at the bottom the layer below,
extruded as a thin
and then solidifies building the object
filament

• Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) are the most
widely used
• The processing parameters determine the output product's quality and
behavior
• Processing parameters used are layer thickness, infill pattern, infill density,
raster angle, raster width, printing speed, build orientation.
• The tensile strength reduces with raster angle increment and increases with
lower layer thickness.
• The direction of the fracture depends on the raster direction and strength of
the individual layer.
• Lower layer thickness specimen resulted in higher tensile strength and
ductility.
 Wide range of FDM printers are available in the market today
The raw material is inexpensive, durable and maintains dimensional
ADVANTAGES integrity
OF FDM Wide choice of raw material
They are affordable
Melted material is used only at the positions wherever required

• Automotive
APPLICATIONS • Aerospace
OF FDM • Manufacturing
• Industrial
• Medical
• Architecture
 • Selective Laser Sintering
• Selective Laser Sintering

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

 SLS is an additive manufacturing technology that uses a high-power laser to sinter small particles
of polymer powder into a solid structure based on a 3D model.
 SLS uses a process called sintering, where powdered material is heated to near-melting
temperatures, causing particles to bond together to form a solid.
 SLS MECHANISM

• Moving Laser beam sinters fusible

powders as per CAD Geometry model
one layer at a time to build the solid
part.​
• After each layer is completed , a new
layer of loose powder is spread across
the surface.​
• Powders are gradually bonded by laser
beam into a solid part that forms 3D
part geometry.​
• Powder are loose are carried out
of completed part.​
 • It produces the Toughest Components than
other techniques.
ADVANTAGES OF • Wide range of materials can be used.
SLS • Production time is less.
• Leftover powder can be reused.

• Surface finish Is very poor.

• Machine take long time to heating and
Limitations OF cooling.
SLS • Toxic gases are produced when
materials are fused.
References

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/selective-laser-sintering
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_laser_sintering
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/fused-deposition-modelin
g
THANK
YOU