Mass and Balance Centre of Gravity Repositioning

Redouane Chibani, December 2023

TRI
Training
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Manual Balance Chart

TRI 2
training
 Mass and Balance Centre of Gravity Repositioning

Redouane Chibani, December 2023

TRI
Training
Learning Objective
Goal

Objective
• Reposition the CG of B737 using a calculation
method
Target Audience
• Trainee Pilot

TRI 4
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning

• Awareness
• Regulatory framework
• Reference documents
• Review of concepts
• Calculation methodology
• Practice Outline
• Assessment Let's figure out !

TRI 5
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning

Awareness
Why should we care about CG position ?

CG Position
• CG position Forward and Aft limitations
• CG Position Optimization for Fuel Savings

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 6
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning

Regulatory Framework
Law and regulations

• Arrêté 218-96 ATPL, chapter 7, part 4.1.5

• Circular 2537 M&B

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 7
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning

Reference Documents
Literature

• BOEING W&B Control and Loading Manual

• RAM Ground Operation Manual
• Oxford ATPL GROUND TRAINING, M&B

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 8
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning

Review of Concepts
A reminder …

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 9
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Review of concepts

Datum
MAC

CG
BA

Datum Arm
Balance
MAC
One
A
The
point
distance
particular
alongfrom
calculated
the longitudinal
the aircraft’s
chord axis
ondatum
the
designated
wing
to the
profile
CG
by
the manufacturer
position
based onofthe
a mass
aerodynamic
as
. the zero
characteristics
or reference.point .

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 10
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
CG Relative Position

• A = distance of CG from datum.

• B = distance of MAC leading edge from datum.

• C = length of MAC.

A-B
The CG as a percentage of MAC =
C

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 11
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Question

CG as % of MAC
If the MAC is 152in and its leading edge located at
40in aft of the datum .
The CG is 66in aft of the datum .

66 - 40
What is the CG position as a percentage of MAC ? X 100 = 17.1 %
152

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 12
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning

Reposition of CG
Calculation Method

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 13
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Calculation methodology

Mxb= Mxa +mxd

New Moment = Current Moment + Moment Change
M x (b – a) = m x d
Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 14
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Calculation methodology

b – a = cc

M x cc = m x d
Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 15
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Practice 1

Data M x cc = m x d
• Aircraft Mass is 62 370 kgs
• The CG limits are from 642.3 to 673.5 in from the datum.
• The CG is at 674.3 in aft of the datum .
• CG is out of limits (too far aft).

• It can be corrected by moving some freight or baggage from the rear hold to the
forward hold separated by 468.8 in.

• How much freight/baggage should be moved to reposition the CG to 669.1 in ?

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 16
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Practice 1

Solution
• M x cc = m x d
• cc = 674.3 – 669.1 = 5.2
• 62 370 x 5.2 = m x 468.8

62 370 x 5.2
m= = 693 kgs
468.8

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 17
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Practice 2

Data M x cc = m x d
• Aircraft Mass is 3890 lbs
• The CG limits are from 3 to 7 in from the datum .
• The CG is at 5.0 in aft of the datum .

• What would be the new position of the CG if a mass of 34.23 lbs has moved from the
rear hold to the forward hold separated by 150 in ?

• Is it a good decision ? Why ?

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 18
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Practice 2

Solution
M x cc = m x d
mxd
cc =
M
34.23 x 150
cc = = 1.32 in
3890
New CG position = 5 – 1.32 = 3.68 in

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 19
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning

Summary
To resume

• Awareness
• CG relative position % MAC
• CG repositioning
• Real life application

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 20
training
ThankYou
Redouane Chibani

TRI 21
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Assessment

Data
• B737-800 Aircraft Mass (M) is 62370 kg .
• Cargo holds separation (d) is 468.8 in .
• MAC length is 155.8 in .
• The CG limits are from 9.8% to 29.8% of the MAC .
• The CG is at 30.3% .

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 22
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Assessment

Questions
1. Is the CG ? (1 pts)
 Too far aft
 Too far forward
 Well positioned

2. What is the distance change (cc) expressed in (in), if we reposition the CG to 27% ? (2 pts)

3. How much freight/baggage should be moved to do that ? (3 pts)

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 23
training
 Centre of Gravity Repositioning
Assessment

Solutions
1. Is the CG ? (1 pts)
 Too far aft
 Too far forward
 Well positioned

2. What is the distance change (cc) expressed in (in), if we reposition the CG to 27% ? (2 pts)
(30.3% – 27%) x MAC = 3.3% x MAC = 0.033 x 155.8 in = 5.1414 in

3. How much freight/baggage should be moved to do that ? (3 pts)

M x cc = m x d, 62 370 x 5.1414 = m x 468.8, m = 684 kg

Awareness
Regulatory
Framework
References
Documents
Concepts
Review
Calculation
Methodology
Practice Assessment TRI 24
training