Presentation 30%

Sam (Co-ordinator) 22491587

Elliott (Shaper) 21390173

Ajay (Implementer) 22591817

Selftech 3
James (Resource Investigator) 21390173

Iestyn (Team Worker) 22491949

Decision process
 Approach to the criteria
• We contributed as a team by figuring out roles by
doing a Belbin test, this gave us our roles in our
group to ensure what we all need to do as a
team.
• We approached these objectives by doing
background research into all these ideas and

Our approach.
chose the ones we thought would make a smart
city smart.
• We used our background research to think of
concepts to effectuate our objectives as
effectively as possible.
• We performed a PESTLE analysis on the project
to decide how to minimize all political,
economic, sociological, technological, legal and
environmental ramifications.
 IoT Devices with AI-Driven Traffic Management
Systems
Existing Reduce congestion, lower emissions, optimize
transit efficiency.
Technologies Machine learning
Prompts constant growth tailored to the society's
Used in Smart needs.
5G
Cities Gives access to multiple sets of data that lets AI
and augmented reality thrive.
Fleet tracking
This allows a better understanding of supply chain,
so the city is better connected.
Sensors
They are a crucial component of any intelligent
control system. They use data to characterize its
environment and adjust its operations accordingly.
LIFI
Allows communication through light and vehicle
communication.
 A smart city is ensured to have the following (NationalGrid, 2024);

Public transportation and traffic systems that are highly efficient

Manchester is targeted to become one of the world's leading smart cities.

(Manchester City Council, 2021)

Background
Smart transportation sector accounts for almost 40% of the global smart
city market. (Lindner, 2023)

research The trial in Maidstone revealed that in heavy traffic auto Green reduced
journey times between 8% and 12%, rising to 27% to 41% in congested
conditions (Roberts, 2018)

By 2025, the global smart city market size is estimated to reach £648.4
billion, compared to £243.32 billion in 2018. (Gitnux marketdata report,
2024)

Siemens introduced a 400kW lithium battery and 595 solar panel to the
brooks building to improve energy efficiency (oxford road corridor, 2019)

Manchester is part of Triangulum a committee of 3 smart cities

(Manchester, Eindhoven and Stavanger) (Oxford road corridor, 2019)
 PESTLE analysis
Political Economic
Lack of information system, High costs due to IT
risk of imported systems infrastructure. This is
becoming spyware. including the money to
make the traffic lights and
barriers as this could cost
more money and be too
much for an investor to
risk.
Sociological
Not enough involvement
from citizens, people not
aware of the smart city,
losing jobs this is due to the
automation of some of the
systems we wanted to
implement.
Technological Legal
Privacy issues with people Data being shared with the
not wanting their devices device; people might not
scanned, lack of want their data being
technological knowledge. shared or a system reading
their devices/ people might
not want a QR code on
their buildings.
Environmental
Sustainability issues this
can include how often parts
need to be changed, causes
building effecting local
environments adding more
infostructure to a city.
 Aim:
• To improve congestion in Manchester by using
infrared sensors in traffic lights to detect traffic
load.
Objectives:
• To do research into Manchester's congestion
Team objectives issues.

to meet the brief

• Pick a concept and look at the final solutions and
how to achieve the final goal.
• Generate the sensors we use, using IoT
technology and smart sensors.
• Create prototypes and a CAD design including
our solutions.
• Work on the final solution by making parts for the
design.
SWOT analysis and Pugh Matrix
An Overview Of the Concepts & Introduction to the Designs

Traffic light detection system

For this concept the goal was to lower congestion in the city of Manchester, we decided to look at this problem through traffic
light systems. So, for this concept we decided to embed infrared sensors.
With the concept of introducing infrared sensors linked to a microcontroller, we are making it detect the traffic load and in
doing so change the lights based of this to reduce the congestion.
5G will communicate between vehicles on GPS giving optimum travel time & better routes
Using LI-FI/optical sensors, this is vehicle to vehicle communication, which then communicates with the traffic lights letting
people know when traffic is bad through 5G and communication via the actual traffic light.

Information embedded in barcodes
For this concept we will have barcodes on barriers to enable
parking at a faster rate instead of having to get out of the
vehicle.
This will go hand in hand with our autonomous vehicle and
parking, this will also help with congestion in the city furthering
our concepts and solidifying it.
Autonomous vehicle
For one of the concepts as a team, we decided that the
autonomous vehicle could be used for many things these
included; a post delivery service, a trash collection system.
with this concept the idea was for the autonomous vehicle to
detect barcodes or access information provided for best routes
(least traffic).
This concept will be achieved through communication within the
sensors of the vehicle and IOT’s accessing data such as satellite
imagery and maps.
 The final solution
The final solution we decided on.
• The final design we decided to choose for congestion solutions in Manchester was the smart traffic lights.
• This was our main goal as congestion has always been a problem especially in Manchester as it effects oxford road for 1 example.

Final solution
For our final design we are planning to use LiFi system along with infrared sensors, this will enable communication between the vehicles along with 5G capacity to enable the detection
of traffic on maps giving in real times for routes.
Infrared sensors will be connected to a microcontroller which will allow the traffic lights to recognise which sides of the traffic lights need to be prioritised as opposed to the traffic lights
changing due to a pre-determine timer.
Possibility of further prioritising public transport to improve the efficiency of public transport, lowering the need for personal vehicles therefore helping reduce harmful impact on
environment.
Gantt chart
 • national grid (2024) What is a smart city?, National Grid Group. Available at:
https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/energy-explained/what-is-a-smart-city (Accessed: 8th
February 2024).
• Council, M.C. (2021) The Council and Democracy Manchester Digital Strategy 2021 – 2026,
Introduction: A new digital vision for Manchester | Manchester Digital Strategy 2021 – 2026 |
Manchester City Council. Available at:
https://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/500002/council_policies_and_strategies/8356/manchester_digi
tal_strategy_2021_%E2%80%93_2026/2
(Accessed: 13 February 2024).
• Lindner, J. (2023) Must-know smart city statistics [recent analysis] • gitnux, GITNUX. Available at:

References •
https://gitnux.org/smart-city-statistics/ (Accessed: 13 February 2024).
Statista (2024) Smart cities - worldwide: Statista market forecast, Statista. Available at:
https://www.statista.com/outlook/tmo/internet-of-things/smart-cities/worldwide#:~:text=The%20Sma
rt%20Cities%20market%20worldwide,12.15%25%20from%202024%20to%202028
. (Accessed: 13 February 2024).
• Helsinki, N. think tank D. (2016) Can we ever really build a ‘smart city’ ?, Futurism. Available at:
https://futurism.com/can-we-ever-really-build-a-smart-city (Accessed: 13 February 2024).
• orc_admin_ (2020) Low-carbon smart city project Triangulum reaches successful conclusion,
Oxford Road Corridor. Available at:
https://oxfordroadcorridor.com/low-carbon-smart-city-project-triangulum-reaches-successful-conclu
sion/
(Accessed: 19 February 2024).
• Roberts, G. and Author: Gareth Roberts News editor gareth.roberts@bauermedia.co.uk
01733 468314 Gareth has more than 20 years’ experience as a journalist having started his
career in local newspapers in the 1990s. Prior to joining Fleet News in 2008 (2020) Smart traffic
lights ‘reduce’ waiting times for drivers, Fleet Management. Available at:
https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/fleet-industry-news/2020/05/18/smart-traffic-lights-reduce-
waiting-times-for-drivers (Accessed: 23 February 2024).