Hip & Pelvis Notes

PELVIS

 Made up of 2 innominate bones

making up 3 areas
 Ilium
 Ischium
 Pubis
ACETABULUM

 Accepts the femoral head – 75% of

head is always in the socket
 The joint is considered a ball and
socket joint
 The joint is very stable; but not very
mobile
 Labrum – fibrocartilage that deepens
the articular area on the acetabulum –
like adding a washer to a nut and bolt
– it adds congruency & stability
 When walking, most force is on the
superior aspect because the femur
hits it more causing more stress to the
labrum and acetabulum
FEMUR

 Longest and strongest bone in the body

 Almost completely covered by muscle
 4 components of the proximal femur
 Greater trochanter
 Lesser trochanter
 Femoral head – in acetabulum
 Femoral neck – most commonly fractured
 Greater trochanter
 Palpable at lateral buttock
 Reinforced knob of bone
 Attachment site for muscles that abduct (move
out) and externally rotate
 Lesser trochanter
 Distal attachment for iliopsoas
 Femoral head
 Femur tapers and thickens medially into a
spherical head
 Covered by articular cartilage except medial –
attachment for ligamentum teres
 Femoral neck
 Angle of inclination – 125 degrees is normal
 Shape of the neck creates an overhang system
PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

 Pelvic bones articulate anteriorly at

this relatively immobile joint
 Small degree of spreading,
compression, and rotation
 Bones are separated by
fibrocartilaginous disc
SACROILIAC JOINT
(SI JOINT)
 Each illium articulates with sacrum
 Very sturdy with limited ROM
 Strong ligaments bind the sacrum to
the pelvis
 SI joints are located at the triangle
part of thong underwear
INGUINAL LIGAMENT

 From ASIS to Pubic symphysis

 Palpated along underwear line in
groin
FEMORAL TRIANGLE

 The femoral pulse is located within

the triangle
 3 sided
 Superiorly (top) – inguinal ligament
 Laterally (outside) – Sartorius muscle
 Medially (inside) – Adductor Longus
Muscle
ARTHROLOGY
(study of the joint)
 The hip joint is surrounded by a large
and complex joint capsule
 Superiorly & anteriorly, the capsule is
thickest – corresponds to the areas of
greatest force
 3 ligaments
 Iliofemoral (resist excessive internal
rotation and flexion; main stabilizer)
 Pubofemoral
 Ischiofemoral
*****this chart is worth 36 points on
your test!
KNOW IT******
MOTION ROM PRIME MOVER
Hip Flexion 0-120 Rectus Femoris
Sartoris
Illiopsoas
Hip Extension 0-30 Gluteus Maximus
Hamstring
Hip Abduction 0-45 Gluteus Medius
Hip Adduction 0-15/20 Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracillis
Hip Internal Rotation 0-45 Gluteus Minimus

Hip External Rotation 0-45 Gluteus Maximus

Palpation
ASIS – where your pants
should sit; most prominent
bump on anterior side
Iliac Crest – superior to
ASIS; sides of hips
Iliac Tubercle – widest part
of iliac crest; superior to
ASIS
Greater Trochanter – lie on
side and it is the “bump”
on the outside of the hip
Pubic Tubercle – front of
pubic region
PSIS – dimples in your low
back; below L5 vertebrae;
lateral to sacrum
SI joint – step off medially
from PSIS; triangle of thong
above butt crack
Ischial tuberosity – “butt
bones”; “sitting bones”; go
inferior from greater
trochanter; origin of
hamstrings
Trochanteric bursa – on
greater trochanter
Sciatic nerve – ½ way
between greater trochanter
and ischial tuberosity
Hamstring origin – step off
ischial tuberosity
Piriformis muscle – ½ way
between sacrum and
greater trochanter; fans out
across top of buttock
region
Inguinal ligament – runs
from ASIS to pubic
symphysis
Femoral Artery – inferior to
inguinal ligament; in
femoral triangle
Illiopsoas muscle – lateral
to umbilicus (belly button)
Rectus Femoris – origin @
AIIS (below ASIS)
Adductor Longus Muscle –
inner thigh
Sartorius muscle – origin
ASIS
Gluteus Maximus – buttock
Gluteus Medius – lie on side
and lift leg against
resistance; muscle is at top
of hip; top of underwear
line
Iliotibial (IT) band – runs
from iliac crest to lateral
knee; starts as a muscle
(tensor fascia latae) and
becomes tendon like on the
outside of the leg