SESSION 1:

HIP AND
PELVIS
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND BIOMECHANICS
TOPIC OUTLINE:
Anatomy and Biomechanics:
Relevant Structures
Bones
Joints
Ligaments
Muscle (Origin, Insertion, Nerve Supply,
and Action)
LUMBAR PLEXUS SACRAL PLEXUS
SACRAL PLEXUS
BONES
PELVIS:
Sacral/Sacrum
Coccyx
2 Hip Bones/Ox Coxa/Innominate Bones
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
PELVIS:
Organ function Kinesiological function

Support and protection Support and transfer

of viscera weight to femur (standing)
Bony support for birth or ischial tuberosity (sitting)
canal Rhythmic pelvic swing
Broad muscular
attatchment
PELVIS:
"Os Coxa"
Right and left
innominate
bone (Right and
left hip bone)
ILIUM:
Iliac crest
ASIS
AIIS
Illiac Fossa
Posterior ilium
ISCHIUM:
Ischial Spine
Ischial
Tuberosity
PUBIS:
SACRUM:
Wedge-shaped
5 fused sacral vertebrae
Articulating surfaces
Superiorly: body and
2 articular processes
of L5 vertebra
Lateral: 2 ilia thru SI jt
Inferior: Coccyx
 True Pelvis False Pelvis

Lesser/minor pelvis Greater/major pelvis

Between pelvic inlet and Iliac crests and superior
pelvic outlet to pelvic inlet
Pelvic cavity
 Pelvic Inlet Pelvic Outlet

Line from tip of coccyx Line between sacral

to inferior surface of promontory and
pubic symphysis superior border of the
symphysis pubis
anteriorly
 Female Pelvis Male Pelvis
Pelvic inlet - Heart shaped
Pelvic inlet - Oval shaped
Pelvic cavity - Longer and funnel
Pelvic cavity - Shorter and less
shaped
funnel shaped
Sacrum - Longer
Sacrum - Shorter and less curved
Walls - Vertical
Walls - Not vertical
Acetabula and IT -
Acetabula and IT - Apart
Approximated
Pelvic arch - Wider and rounded
Pelvic arch - Narrower
False Pelvis - Shallower
False Pelvis - Deeper
FEMUR:
Longest, Largest, &
Heaviest bone in the
body
25% of height
Femoral neck:
medially, superiorly,
anteriorly
FEMUR:
Function:
Stability for WB
Mobility in space
Transmit loads from
upper body, then thigh
to the lower leg
BIOMECHANICAL ANGULATION OF THE
FEMUR
Angle of Inclination
Frontal plane
Aligns the knee and
femoral head
Adult: 125 degress
Infancy: 140-150
degrees
BIOMECHANICAL ANGULATION OF THE
FEMUR

Angle of Torsion
Transverse plane
Medial twist of the
femur
Adult: 15 degress
Infancy: 40 degrees
BIOMECHANICAL ANGULATION OF THE
ACETABULUM

Acetabular Anteversion
Angle
Transverse plane
Normal: 15-20 degress
BIOMECHANICAL ANGULATION OF THE
ACETABULUM

Center Edge Angle

"Angle of Wiberg"
Measure depth of
acetabulum
Frontal plane
Normal: >25 degress
BIOMECHANICAL ANGULATION OF THE
PELVIS AND SACRUM
Pelvic Tilt
N: 7-15 deg
Pelvic Inclination
N: 50-60 deg
Sacral Angle
N: 30 deg
JOINTS
JOINTS:
Hip joint (2)
Sacroiliac (2)
Sacrioccocygeal
Symphysis pubis
Lumbosacral
HIP JOINT:
AKA Acetabulofemoral/Coxafemoral Joint
Stability
Bony configuration
Cartilage
Ligaments
Capsular ligaments
Muscles
Negative pressure
SACROILIAC JOINT:
Connects sacrum to the
innominate bone
Synovial plane joint
Moves 1-3mm
Ligaments:
Ant. and post. SI
ligament
Sacrotuberous
Sacrospinous
COCCYGEAL JOINT:
Tailbone
Symphyses:
Sacrococcygeal
Intercoccygeal
Light anterior-posterior
movements
SYMPHYSIS PUBIS:
Pubic joint
Fibrocartilage joint
Motions:
Superior/Inferior glide
Separation/Compression
Functions:
Shock absorption during
walking
Womans' baby delivery
 Range of Motion
Hip flexion: 0-140 degrees
Hip extension: 0-45 degrees
Hip abduction: 0-40 degrees
Hip Internal Rotation: 0-40
degrees
Hip External Rotation: 0-45
degrees
LIGAMENTS
ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT:
"Y ligament or ligament of
Bigelow"
Strongest
Position: Anterior and
superior
Limits:
Extension
Adduction
External Rotation
PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT:
Ant. pubic ramus to
intertrochanteric fossa
Position: Anterior and
Inferior
Limits:
Extension
Abduction
External Rotation
ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT:
Position: Anterior and
Inferior
Limits:
Extension
Abduction
External Rotation
LIGAMENTUM TERES:
Transports vascular
supply to the head of
femur
Tension in:
FAdER
ExAbIR
BURSAE IN THE HIP
MUSCLES
Function: Inner Group
Supports pelvic Transverse abdominis
Diaphragm
girdle Multifidus
Stabilizes pelvis Pelvic Floor Muscles
Load transfer Outer Group
Deep longitudinal system
during gait and Superficial posterior
rotational oblique system
Anterior oblique system
motions Lateral system
HIP EXTENSORS:
Gluteus Maximus
Largest muscle in
the body
Strongest hip
extensor
Roundness of the
buttocks
HIP ABDUCTORS:
Gluteus Medius
Largest lateral
hip muscle
Strongest Hip
Adductor
HIP ABDUCTORS:
Gluteus Minimus
Deepest Gluteal
Muscle
HIP ABDUCTORS:
Tensor Fascia
Latae
Pocket Muscle
HIP ADDUCTORS:
Gracillis
Slender muscle
The only 2
jointed adductor
muscle
HIP ADDUCTORS:

Adductor Magnus
Most consistent
dually innervated
muscle of the LE
HIP ADDUCTORS:
Adductor Longus
MC cause of
groin pain d/t MC
strained
adductor muscle
HIP ADDUCTORS:
Addcutor Brevis Pectineus
HIP FLEXORS:
Sartorius
Tailor's Muscle
Longest muscle
in the body
HIP FLEXORS:
Iliopsoas
Anterior pelvic tilt
muscle
Most important hip
flexor
Most consistent hip
flexor
Can't hip flex >90 deg
HIP FLEXORS:
Rectus Femoris
SLR muscle
2 jointed quads
muscle
Pectineus
Tensor Fascia
Latae
HIP INTERNAL ROTATORS:
Piriformis
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
TFL
Pectineus
Adductors
MOINA OF THE GLUTEAL REGION
 MOINA OF THE ANTERIOR
COMPARTNENT OF THE THIGH
 MOINA OF THE ANTERIOR
COMPARTNENT OF THE THIGH
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS)
 MOINA OF THE MEDIAL
COMPARTNENT OF THE THIGH
 MOINA OF THE POSTERIOR
COMPARTNENT OF THE THIGH
THANK YOU FOR
PARTICIPATING!
BARILE|BIAS|DELA
CRUZ|GESTA|GUDELANO|LEDESMA