HISTORY OF PHARMACY

IN INDIA
P.MOUNIKA
INTRODUCTION
• India has long history of pharmacy when the sources of drugs were
vegetables ,animals and minerals origin before 19th century.
• There were no scientific methods of standardization of drugs
• This trend continued with Arabic and unani system in the era of
Muslim rule in India.
• Allopathic system in India came with britishers who became the rulers
of India in 19th century.
• Initially all drugs were imported from Europe ,but later on some drugs
were manufactured in the country.
In 1901,Bengal chemical and pharmaceutical works, Calcutta
establishment by Acharya .P.C.Ray for manufacturing of drugs.
• In 1903 – A small factory at parel Bombay
• In 1907 – alembic chemical works at Baroda was established by
professor T.K.Gujjar .
• Initially the way of business was exporting crude drugs and importing
the finished form due to lack of technology.
• During world war- 1,1914 to 1920 – Import of drugs was restricted
and then again resumed after the war. There was no restrictions on
the quality of imported drugs and hence manufactures took undue
advantages of this situation so the following consequences happened.
• Dumping of inferior quality medicine and adulterated drugs.
• All useless and deleterious drugs were sold by unqualified people who resulted in
poisoning due to quinine, putting of croton oil into eye instead of atropine
solution, adulteration of santonin drug, dispensing of potent drug without any
standard.
• As a result few laws were introduced.
• 1878 – Opium Act – Dealt with cultivation of poppy and manufacture, transport, export,
import & sale of Opium
• 1889 - Indian Merchandise Act – Misbranding of goods
• 1894 – Indian Tariff Act – Customs duty on goods including foods, drinks, drugs, chemicals
and medicine imported into India and exported there from.
• 1898 – Sea Customs Act
• 1919 – Poison Act – Regulated the import, possession and sale of drugs.
Indian penal code has some sections about the international
adulteration as punishable offence.
• State –level law framed
• 1884 – Bengal municipal Act
• 1901- city of Bombay district municipal act
• 1909- Bengal excise Act
• 1911- Punjab municipal act
• 1914-Punjab excise act
• 1919- madras prevention of adulteration act to control the food adulteration
• 1922- bihar municipal act
• 1925- Bombay prevention of adulteration act
• 1929-Punjab pure food act
DRUG ENQUIRY COMITTEE
• Government of India formed a committee on 11th August 1930-named
drug enquiry committee.
• Chairman- late R.N Chopra – to deal with many problems of
pharmacy.
• 1st report of this committee published in 1931 – saying that there was
no recognized profession of pharmacy. Pharmacy practice work was
done by the person called compounder.
• Professor M.L.Schroff – Start a pharmacy education at university level
in BHU.
• After the pharmacy education started in the country, gradual development at
administrative level, professional level and industrial level have been done in order
to promote the pharmacy profession and it’s benefit in the country.
• In 1935 United Provenance Pharmaceutical Association established to discuss the
related mater at the national level.
• In 1939 – Scientific Journal – The Indian journal of pharmacy was started by ML
Schroff.
• 1940 – All India pharmaceutical Congress Association with the intention to publicise
pharmacy as whole by conducting conferences at different places in the country.
• 1940 – Government of India brought drug bill – To regulate Import , manufacture,
sale and distribution of drugs in british India,finally adopted as drug and cosmetic
act 1940.
• 1941- first drug technical advisory board under D&C act –to give
technical advices to the Gov of India.
• Central drug laboratory was established in Calcutta to provide the
testing facilities at Gov level.
• 1946 – the Indian pharmacopoeia list of drugs was published under
the chairman of R.N.Chopra.these drugs were not included in the B.P
at that time.
• 1948- pharmacy act was published to government the pharmacy
education in India. D.pharmacy course – 2yrs ,B.Pharmacy -4 yrs,2008
pharmD and PB Course was introduced.
• 1948- Indian pharmacopoeial committee was constituted B.N Gosh.
1)To set the standard of drugs that are manufactured ,sold and
consumed in India
2)Set of standards are published under the title I.P
• 1949-PCI was established under the pharmacy act 1948.
To regulate and maintain the standard of the pharmacy education in
the country.
• 1954-Education regulation came into force in some of the states for
regulation the stand of diploma pharmacy.
Drugs and magic remedies was passed to control over the misleading
advertisement.
• 1955-medicinal and toilet preparation act 1955.
To regulate the uniform duty for alcoholic products in all states.
• 1955- 1st edition of I.P was published by Indian pharmacopoeia
committee under the chairmanship of DR. B.N Ghosh
Six editions were published by IPC on behalf Gov of India,ministry of
health and family welfare.
• 1985-Narcotic and Pshychotropic substance act
To protect society from the danger of the addictive drugs.
Drugs price order enacted by gov. of India.
- New Pharmacy practice regulation 2015 was enforced by pharmacy
council of India to regulate pharmacy practice in India.
GUIDELINES
1)As per rules Dispensing of drugs should be carried by qualified
pharmacist.
2) Renting of registration certificate to pharmacy owner is strictly
prohibited.
3) Should wear a white coat during working hours with name plate.
• Registration certificate should be displayed visible to the public.
• Pharmacist should provide their professional services like patients
counselling, adverse drug reaction reporting.
• Unqualified pharmacist is carried out dispensing of drugs public may
lodge the complaint against directly to the registrar state or central
pharmacy council section 14b.