Virtualization

Dhanashree Roll_No :3351

Sakshi Roll_No :3342
Nitin John 3317
Introduction

Virtualization is the ability that allows sharing the physical instance of a single
application or resource among multiple organizations or users.This technique is
done by assigning a name logically to all those physical resources & provides a
pointer to those physical resources based on demand.
Advantages of virtuallization

● Cost : cheaper to use as no h/w component required

● Energy saving: There is no H/w or s/w required so no cooling is required
● Easier back up and recovery
● Better business continuity
Disadvantage of virtuallization

● It can have a high cost of implementation.

● It creates a scalability issue.
● It takes time.
● It still has limitations eg: compatible
Benifits of virtuallization

● Better utilisation resources

● It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure
● Remote access and rapid scalability
● High availability and disaster recovery.
● Pay per use of IT infrastructure on demand.
 Characteristics of Virtualized Environments
Virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual version of something,whether hardware,
a software environment, storage, or a network.

Three major components:

● Guest
● Host
● Virtualization layer

The guest represents the system component that interacts with the virtualization
layer.The host represents the original environment where the guest is supposed to be
managed.The virtualization layer is responsible for recreating the same or a different
environment where the guest will operate.
Increased Security

● The ability to control the execution of a guest in a completely transparent manner ,

delivering a secure, controlled execution environment.
● The virtual machine represents an emulated environment in which the guest is
executed. All the operations of the guest are generally performed against the virtual
machine, which then translates and applies them to the host.
● This level of indirection allows the virtual machine manager to control and filter the
activity of the guest, so preventing some harmful operations from being performed.
● Resources exposed by the host can then be hidden or simply protected from the
guest.
Virtualization gained interest:-
➔ Increased performance and computing capacity.
● PCs are having immense computing power.
➔ Underutilized hardware and software resources
● Limited use of increased performance & computing capacity.
➔ Lack of space
● Continuous need for additional capacity.
➔ Greening initiatives.
● Reduce carbon footprint
● Reducing the number of servers, reduce power consumption
➔ Rise of administrative costs
● Power and colling costs are higher than IT equipment's.
Hypervisor

A hypervisor is a form of virtualization software used in Cloud hosting to divide and allocate
the resources on various pieces of hardware.
The program which provides partitioning, isolation, or abstraction is called a virtualization
hypervisor.
The hypervisor is a hardware virtualization technique that allows multiple guest operating
systems (OS) to run on a single host system at the same time.
A hypervisor is sometimes also called a virtual machine manager(VMM).
Types of Hypervisor –

➢ Type 1 Hypervisor (also called bare metal or native)

➢ Type 2 Hypervisor (also known as hosted hypervisors)

● TYPE-1 Hypervisor:
The hypervisor runs directly on the underlying host system. It is also known as a “Native
Hypervisor” or “Bare metal hypervisor”. It does not require any base server operating
system. It has direct access to hardware resources. Examples of Type 1 hypervisors
include VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer, and Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.
 ● TYPE-2 Hypervisor:

A Host operating system runs on the underlying host system. It is also known as ‘Hosted
Hypervisor”. Such kind of hypervisors doesn’t run directly over the underlying hardware
rather they run as an application in a Host system(physical machine). Basically, the
software is installed on an operating system. Hypervisor asks the operating system to
make hardware calls. An example of a Type 2 hypervisor includes VMware Player or
Parallels Desktop. Hosted hypervisors are often found on endpoints like PCs. The type-
2 hypervisor is very useful for engineers, and security analysts
Types of Virtualization
1. Hardware Virtualizations
1. Full
2. Partial
3. Para
2. Network Virtualizations
1. Internal Network Virtualization
2. External Network Virtualization
3. Storage Virtualizations
4. Memory
5. Operating System
6. Data
7. Desktop
Hardware Virtualization
1. The basic idea of the technology is to combine many small physical servers into one large
physical server, so that the processor can be used more effectively and efficiently.
2. It is the most common type of Virtualization as it provides advantages of hardware
utilization and application uptime

E.g. VMWare’s Sphere based on Exsi, Microsoft Hyper-V

3. 3 sub-categories(Full, Para, Partial)

Full Hardware Virtualization
1. Guest OS does not require any modification to run on host machine when alteration is done.
2. Advantages of Full Virtualization:-
1. Fully isolated multiple guest OS can run simultaneously on the same hardware on host system.
3. Limitations of Full Virtualization:-
1. Full Virtualization is usually a bit slower, because of all the emulation.

Para Hardware Virtualization

4. In this type of Virtualization, unmodified software runs in a modified OS as a separate system.

5. In this Virtualization the Guest operating system( the one being virtualized) is aware that it is in a virtualized enviornment.
6. Advantages of Para Virtualization:-
1. As a guest OS can directly communicate with Hypervisor.
2. Allow users to make use of new or modified device drivers.
7. Limitation of Para virtualization:-
1. Para Virtualization requires the guest OS to be modified in order to interact with para Virtualization interfaces.
Partial Hardware Virtualization

8. When entire operating systems cannot run in the virtual machine, but some or many applications can, it is known as Partial
Virtualization. Basically, it partially simulates the physical hardware of a system.
9. In this type of hardware virtualization software may need modification to run..
Network Virtualization
1. Network virtualization is a multiple sub-network that could be produced on a similar physical network.
2. It helps you to allow better supervision and identification of data usage.
3. It is intended to allow network optimization of data transfer rates, scalability, reliability, flexibility and
security.
4. The intended result of network Virtualization provides improved network productivity and efficiency.
5. Types:-
1. Internal : Provide network like functionality to a single system
2. External : Combine many networks, or parts of networks into a Virtual unit.
Storage Virtualization
1. Process which helps in the grouping physical storage from a number of network storage
devices.
2. So that it works as a single storage device for easier and more efficient management of
these resources.
3. Advantages Storage Virtualizations:-
1. Improved Storage management in a heterogenous IT environment.
2. Easy updates, better availability
3. Reduce downtime
4. Better storage utilization
5. Automated management.
Sharing
4. Types Storage Virtualizations:-
1. Block Virtualization ( Multiple storage devices are consolidates, which then actually appears as a single
physical storage device. This helps the administrators in many ways such as Load Balancing, optimizing
performance and speed.
2. File Virtualization (It is the file or directory stored on the hard drive, which is located in data center.)
Memory Virtualization
1. When physical memory around different servers is combined to form a single virtual
memory as a pool it is called as Memory virtualization.
2. Benefit of Working with bigger memory.
3. Microsoft Windows allows one of your storage to work as a extension of your RAM.
4. Types of Memory Virtualization:-
1. Application-level Control:------------------------------->

2. Operating System Level Control:------------------------->

Operating System Virtualization
1. Operating system virtualization is a type of virtualization concept that most users today are familiar with.
2. It typically allows user to run and install any kind of operating system like Windows, or a Linux on the
existing operating system.
3. It requires a Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) which allows users to install and manage multiple operating
system running simultaneously.
4. The operating system run virtually without any knowledge that is installed on host platform.
5. VMWare is probably the one of the most widely used Virtual Machine Manager’s Virtual Box.
Data Virtualization

1. Retrieve data from multiple sources without knowing types and location
2. E.g. E-commerce, web Portal etc.

Desktop Virtualization
3. This is one of the most used and popular types of Virtualizations as in this form of user’s desktops which
are stored on remote server. Therefore the user can access his desktop from any location as per his wish.
4. E.g. Citrix, XenDesktop,AnyDesk,etc