MATERIAL SCIENCE AND DJJ 30113 TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO

ENGINEERING MATERIAL SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING

PN ZANIDAH BT
ITHNIN
Fundamental of material science and
engineering

MATERIAL SCIENCE is primarily concerned for basic knowledge about the internal structure,
properties and processing of materials.

The terms of Material Science & Engineering combines both materials science and materials
engineering.
Materials science and engineering
Materials Science Materials Engineering
Resultant knowledge of
the structure, properties,
Basic knowledge of Applied knowledge of
processing, and
materials materials
performance of
engineering materials
 Ceramics

• Biomaterials
• Semiconductors Advanced
• Polymers
Nanomaterials Material
• Smart materials
Classification
of Materials

Metals Composites
Metals
• Inorganics substances – composed one / more metallic and nonmetallic elements.
• Examples: iron, copper, aluminium, nickel and titanium
• Divided two classes: ferrous and nonferrous metals

Application Properties
• aerospace • Good Thermal and electrical
• biomedical conductors
• Semiconductor / electronic • Good strength
• Energy • Susceptible to corrosion
• Civil structural • Strong and ductile at room
• Transport temperature
Ceramics
•Inorganic materials – consist metallic and nonmetallic elements chemically bond together
•Structural are crystalline, noncrystalline or mixture of both.

Application Properties
• Advanced engine application: • High hardness and high
engine valves, valve seat inserts temperature strength but tend to be
and piston pins brittle.
• Ball bearing and races • Light weight
• Ceramics tiles • Good heat and wear resistance
• Cutting tool material • Reduce friction
• Cooking utensils
Polymers
• Consist of long molecular chains or networks that are usually based on
organics.
• Structural are noncrystalline but some consist of mixtures of crystalline and
noncrystalline region

Application
• Electrical insulate
• Digital video disks (DVDs)
• Automotive bumpers
• Power tool housing
• Packaging
• Coating materials: tennis courts
and playground
Properties
• Great of strength and ductility
• Poor conductor electricity
• Good insulator
• Low densities and low softening
Composites
• Defined as two or more materials (phases or constinuents) integrated to form a
new one.
• Consist of a selected filler or reinforcing material and a compatible resin binder
to obtain the specific characteristics and properties.

Application Properties
• Replaced numerous metallic • High strength and stiffness-to-
components: aerospace, weight ratio
avionics, automobile, civil • Low density and light weight
structural and sports equipment • Brittleness and low fracture
industries. toughness
• Fiberglass-reinforcing material:
wings of airplane, surfboards
Advanced materials
• Could potentially revolutionize the future of the field where all the classes are critically affect all major
industries.

• Divide to 4 classes:
• biomaterials
• semiconductors
• nanoengineered material
• smart material

Biomaterials
• implanted in human body
• compatible with body tissues
• Orthopaedic, dental implant
Semiconductors
• Pure silicon that is modified in
various ways to change its
electrical characteristic
• Application: communication
satellites, advanced computers,
handheld calculators, digital
watches and robots.
Nanoengineered Materials
• Have a characteristics length scale smaller
than 100nm (that is, particle diameter, grain
size, layer thickness)
• Nanomaterial can be metallic, polymeric,
ceramic, electronic or composite.
• Reason for recent extension for due to
development:
a) new tools that make observation and
characterization
b) New method of processing and
synthesizing nanostructured materials
that enable researchers to produce these
materials more easily and at a higher
yield rate.
• Examples: ceramic powder aggregates, bulk
metals, polymeric films and electronic wires.
Smart Materials
• Have ability to:
a) sense external environmental stimuli such
as temperature, stress, light, humidity and
electric and magnetic fields.
b) Respond by changing their properties
(mechanical, electrical or appearance),
structure or functions.
• Consist: sensor (detect a change in the
environment, temperature) and actuator
(specific function / response)
Sensor Actuator