Module 2: Land use and Transport Interaction

Land use and Transport Interaction

Land use
• Commonly used in agricultural economics
• It refers to a parcel of land and the economic use it was then put to – grazing,
growing crops, mining or building
• Land-use planning can be considered in two contexts
• It includes all forms of planning, transportation planning can be considered as a
form of land-use planning because it actually consists of planning for that
proportion of land used for transportation
• Land-use planning is a discipline by itself, having its own set of theories and
practices
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Land Use and Transportation
• A piece of land with a particular type of land use
produces a certain number of trips
• Need for transportation facilities to serve the trip
making demand
• The new or improved transportation facilities provide
better accessibility
• Naturally, land value increases and eventually, the The movement of people and goods in a city,
original land use changes, reflecting the state of the referred to as traffic flow, is the joint
land market. consequence of land activity (demand) and
the capability of the transportation system to
• Cycle continues
handle this traffic flow (supply).
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Concepts and Definition
• Urban form: The spatial pattern or “arrangement” of individual elements – such as
buildings, streets, parks, and other land uses (collectively called the built environment),
as well as social groups, economic activities, and public institutions, within an urban area.
• Urban interaction: The collective set of interrelationships, linkages, and flows that occurs
to integrate and bind the pattern and behavior of individual land uses, groups, and
activities into the functioning entities. One of the most important integrating subsystems
is the highway or street network.
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Concepts and Definition
• Urban spatial structure: Formally combines the urban form through the urban interaction
with a set of organizational rules into a city system. Example is the competitive rent for
different locations within the urban area which produces an ‘ordering” of activities in
terms of location requirements and the rent that each person can afford to pay.
• Comprehensive plans: Also known as the master plan or general plan. An official
statement of a geographic unit’s policies and intentions pertaining to physical
development in the years ahead.
• Guidelines: A set of guidelines for development may serve as a recommended alternative
in a land-use plan. An implementation technique that may need legislation.
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Concepts and Definition
• Legislation: Some of the recommendations from the land-use plan can be transformed
into bills that can subsequently be submitted to the legislative body for possible
enactment into law.
• Codes: Housing and building codes are important implementation techniques for land-
use management. Ensure the quality of community growth by establishing certain
standards.
• Zoning: The oldest and most commonly used legal device for implementing local land use
plans. Ensures that land uses in a geographic unit are compatible in relation to one
another.
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Concepts and Definition
• Subdivision regulations: Control the development and change occurring within the
community and encourage efficient and desirable local services
• Infrastructures: The life-support facilities of a geographic unit.
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Land Use Development Method
• Land use planning for a city is a complex task
• Land is allocated among alternative uses in private
markets with public regulation
• Development mainly from locational decision by a large
number of private developers
• Land use models serve two purposes:
• Forecasting the total activities of an urban area
• Allocating these activities among predetermined sets
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Hansen’s Accessibility Model
Where:
• Predict the location of population Aij – accessibility index of zone I
based on the premise that from j
employment is the predominant Ej – total employment
factor dij – distance between i and j
b – an exponent

Overall accessibility index

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Hansen’s Accessibility Model
• Holding Capacity - the amount of
vacant land suitable and available for
residential use
• Additional factor in attracting future
population to the zone
Where:
Di – development potential of
zone
Ai - accessibility index
Hi – holding capacity
Total growth in population
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A four-zone city has the following characteristics An exponent of 2.2 can be used based on work done
with other cities of the same size. If the city is likely to
grow by 15% overall in 5 years, what would be the likely
population located in each zone in the horizon year?
What would be the percentage change in allocation of
population to zones if the exponent were 1.8 and 2.0,
respectively?