MEDIA AND

INFORMATION
LITERACY
MRS.STEPHANIE M. DAGODOG
 MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES
 LANGUAGES
PERTAINS TO THE TECHNICAL
AND SYMBOLIC INGREDIENTS
OR CODES AND CONVENTION
AND THAT MEDIA AND
INFORMATIONS PROFESSIONALS
MAY SELECT AND USE IN AN
EFFORT TO COMMUNICATE
IDEAS, INFORMATION AND
 MEDIA
LANGUAGES
 MEDIA LANGUAGES

• ARE CODES, CONVENTIONS,

FORMAT, SYMBOLS, AND
NARRATIVE STRUCTURES
THAT INDICATE THE
MEANING OF MEDIA
MESSAGES TO AN AUDIENCE.
 CODES

• ARE SYSTEMS OF SIGNS

THAT WHEN PUT TOGETHER
CREATE MEANING.
TYPES OF CODES
 TYPES OF CODES

A. SYMBOLIC CODES

B.WRITTEN CODES

C.TECHNICAL CODES
 TECHNICAL CODES

• ARE WAYS IN WHICH

EQUIPMENT IS USED TO TELL
THE STORY. THIS INCLUDES
SOUND, CA,ERA
ANGLES,TYPES OF SHOTS AND
LIGHTING AS WELL AS
CAMERA TECHNIQUES, ETC..)
 A.CAMERAWORK

• This refers to how camera is

positioned, operated and moved in a
partcular scene depending on the
object in order to achieve a desired
effect.
 B.FRAMING

• defines the position from which the

image s created. All frames have
shapes.
This creates the different kinds of
distance made by camera.
TYPES OF
DISTANCE
 TYPES OF DISTANCE

• EXTREME LONG
SHOT
• 2. LONG SHOT
• 3. MEDIUM SHOT
• 4. MEDIUM CLOSE
UP
• 5. CLOSE UP
• 6. EXTREME CLOSE
 EXTREME LONG SHOT

• ALSO CALLED
EXTREME WIDE
SHOT SUCH AS
LARGE CROWD
SCENE OR A VIEW
OF SCENERY AS
FAR AS THE
 LONG SHOT

• A VIEW OF A
SITUATION OR
SETTING FROM
DISTANCE.
 MEDIUM LONG SHOT
• SHOWS A
GROUP OF
PEOPLE IN
INTERACTION
WITH EACH
OTHER.
 FULL SHOT
• A VIEW OF FIGURE’S
ENTIRE BODY IN
ORDER TO SHOW THE
ACTION OR
CONSTELLATION
GROUP OF
CHARACTERS.
 MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT

• SHOW A SUBJECT
DOWN TO HIS.HER
CHEST/WAIST
 CLOSE UP SHOT

• A FULL-SCREEN SHOT
OF THE SUBJECTS
FACE SHOWING THE
FINEST NUANCES OF
EXPRESSION.
 EXTREME CLOSE UP
SHOT

• A SHOT OF A HAND,
EYE,MOUTH,OR ANY
OBJECT IN DETAIL.
 TYPES OF MOVING
IMAGES
• PAN/PANORAMA
• TRACKING/DOLLY
• TILT
• CRANE
• HANDHELD
• ZOOM
 B.EDITING

is the process of choosing,

manipulating and arranging
images and sound. This is
essential in preparing motion
pictures.
 C. LIGHTING

is the manipulation of natural

or artificial lighT to
selectively highlight specific
elements to The scene.
 D.AUDIO SOUND

this refers to the sound used in a motion

picture. Sounds can be diegetic(naturally
produced in the scene) or non diegetic
(sounds which sources are unknown and
usually added to set the atmosphere of
scene.
SYMBOLIC
CODES
 SYMBOLIC CODES

• WHAT BENEATH STYLE THE

SURFACE OF WHAT WE SEE
( OBJECTS, SETTING,BODY
LANGUAGE, CLOTHING,
COLOR, ETC.)OR ICONIC
SYSMBOLS THAT EASILY
UNDERSTOOD.
 A. SETTING

• is the time and place of the narrative.

When dicussing setting you can you
can discribe the setting of the whole
story or just a specific thing.
 B.MISE EN SCENE

is the french term that means ''everything is within the frame''

mise en scene includes the analysis of the following;
• * SET DESIGN
• * COSTUME
• *PROPS
• *STAGING AND COMPOSITION
 C. CHARACTERIZATION

this includes the portrayal of the

characters in any form of media
particularly in motion pictures. In motion
pictures there are two kinds of characters.
TWO KINDS OF CHARACTERS

SYMPATHETIC ( the main character

someone whom the audience can relate
to ) and UNSYMPATHETIC
characters ( these are the characters in
whom the audience hate/antagonist).
WRITTEN CODES
 WRITTEN CODES

• are the formal written language used in a media

product. Just like technical and symbolic codes,
written codes can beused to advance a narrative,
communicate information about a character, an
issues an themes in the media product. In film
production, scripts are the best example for written
codes.
CONVENTIONS
 CONVENTION

are accepted ways of using media codes.

Conventions are closely connected to the
auidence expectations of media product .
Conventions has three classification; form,
story and genre convention.
 FORM OF CONVENTION

are the ceRtain ways we expect types of

meDia's codes to be arranged.
 STORY CONVENTION

are the common narrative structures and

understandings that are common in storytelling
media products;
-narrative structures
- cause and effect
- character construction
-point of view
 GENRE CONVENTION

point to the common used of tropes, characters,

setting, or themes in a particular type of
medium. Genre conventions are closely linked
with audience expectations. Genre can be
formal or thematic.
 GENRE CONVENTION

point to the common used of tropes, characters,

setting, or themes in a particular type of
medium. Genre conventions are closely linked
with audience expectations. Genre can be
formal or thematic.
SEMIOTICS
 SEMIOTICS

it is the study of signs and symbols. It looks

how signs and symbols are used to
communicate and develop interpretations.
The word semiotics was derived from the
greek term '' semeiotikos'' which means an
observant or signs.
 DIFFERENT
THEORIES OF
SEMIOTICS
 SIGNIFIER AND SIGNIFIED
THEORY BY FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE

• this was the first theory in semiotics.

Ferdinand de Saussure was the one
who introduced the term ''semiotics''
 a. SIGNIFIER- it is the sign being
defined
b. SIGNIFIED- it is the meaning
associated to the sign.

Example :
• Blue signifies peace and calmness.
• Blue acts as the signifier while the signified of its are
peaceful and calmness.
 DENOTATION AND
CONNOTATION THEORY BY
ROLAND BARTHES
This theory was introduced by Roland Barthes
who believes that objects around us have
different meanings depending on culture and
ideologies. For this reason, the terms
''denotation'' and connotation''were introduced .
 DENOTATION

this is the literal meaning of sign.

Example :
TREE is a large plant. Tree defined basEd on its
meaning in the dictionary
 CONOTATION

this is suggested meaning of the sign and cultural

conventions associated with the sign.
Example ;
TREE means family. This time is associated to
family because it was dictated by culture and
tradition.
 CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNS
OF CHARLES PIERCE

In this theory, Charles Pierce classified signs based

on how they used
 CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNS
OF CHARLES PIERCE

In this theory, Charles Pierce classified signs based

on how they used
CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNS

ICON INDEX SYMBOL

 ICON

a. ICON - is a signifier which is perceived as a resembling signified. A pictorial

representation, a photograph, an architect of a building are all icons because they
imitate or copy aspects of their subjects.

Example ; If you would like to show the icon of the queen of England, you have to
provide a picture of her as the ICON.
 INDEX

b. INDEX- is a sign which related to the object it represent but not directly or in a
concrete way.

Example ; if you would like to show the index of the queen of England, her crown or
the Buckingham Palace could be her INDEX.
 SYMBOL

EIIR
c. SYMBOL- A symbol has an arbitrary relationship between the signifier and the
signified. These are the signs that are widely known because it was introduced by a
group of people or by culture and tradition.

Example;
the official seal of the queen of England of her symbol